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Dr. Dominikus Heckmann
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Address:
Saarland University
Building E 1 1
, Room 1.25
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Welcome to my academic webpage! Feel free to visit our research group in Saarbrücken. |
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Research Activities |
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Organizing and Reviewing
- Progam committee member of the conference
18th conference on User Modeling, Adaptation and Personalization (UMAP2010) - Progam committee member of the workshop
Workshop on Context-Aware Recommender Systems (CARS-2009) - Progam committee member of the workshop
Learning Management Systems meet Adaptive Learning Environments at EC-TEL 2009 - Member of the international advisory committee of the
International Conference on Human Computer Interaction, (India, 2009) - Reviewer for the
User Modeling and User-Adapted Interaction: The Journal of Personalization Research - Progam committee member of the 2008 conference for
Knowledge Management, New Media Technology and Semantic Technologies (TRIPLE-I) - International committee member of the second conference on
Mobile Ubiquitous Computing, Systems, Services and Technologies (UBICOMM 2008) - Reviewer for the International Journal of
Human-computer Studies (IJHCS) - Program committee member of the workshop on
Ubiquity and Context-Awareness in NLP Applications (UCAN 2008) - Program committee member of the conference on
Mensch & Computer 2008 - Co-chair of the 5th International Workshop on
Ubiquitous User Modeling (UbiqUM) at IUI 2008 - Program committee member of the 4th International Conference on
Web Information Systems and Technologies (WEBIST'2008)
- Program committee member of the Fourth International Workshop on
Modeling and Reasoning in Context (MRC 2007) - Program committee member of the
15th Workshop on Adaptivity and User Modeling in Interactive Systems (ABIS 2007) - Program committee member of the I-Know'07 special track
Integrating Working and Learning (IWL'07) - Reviewer for the
11th international conference on user modeling (UM 2007) - Co-chair of the workshop on
Ubiquitous and Decentralized User Modeling (UbiDeUM) - Program committee member of the workshop on
Data Mining for User Modeling (K-DUUM) at UM'07
- Program committee member of the 3rd International Conference on
Web Information Systems and Technologies (WEBIST'2007)
- Co-chair of the workshop
Adaptivität und Benutzermodellierung in interaktiven Softwaresystemen (ABIS) at LWA'06 - Co-organizer of the workshop
Ubiquitous User Modeling (UbiqUM) at ECAI'06 - Program committee member of the workshop
Sharing Augmented Memories in Intelligent Environments (SAMIE) at KI'06 - Program committee member of the workshop
Semantic Web Personalization at ESWC'06 - Scientific committee member of the international conference
WWW/Internet 2006 - Program committee member of the workshop
Ubiquitous knowledge discovery for users (UKDU) at ECML'06 - Co-organizer of the workshop
Adaptivität und Benutzermodellierung in interaktiven Softwaresystemen (ABIS) at LWA'05 - Program committee member of the workshop
Decentralized, Agent Based and Social Approaches to User Modelling (DASUM) at UM'05 - Reviewer for the
Israel Science Foundation (ISF)
- Progam committee member of the conference
Professional Memberships
- Member of the
American Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) - Deputy Speaker of the German Society for Informatics' Special Interest Group
ABIS: Adaptivität und Benutzermodellierung in interaktiven Softwaresystemen - Member of the
Gesellschaft für Informatik e.V. - Member of the
Freunde der Saarbrücker Informatik e.V. - Member of the
European working group on Knowledge Discovery in Ubiquitous Environments - Member of the
Collaborative Research Center 378 Resource-adaptive cognitive processes - Alumni of the
School of Informatics at the University of Edinburgh - Alumni of the
Freundeskreis Internet & Bildung im Saarland (FIBS) - Alumni of the
International Post-Graduate College Language Technology and Cognitive Systems
- Member of the
Academic Awards and Grants
- Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Minerva Short-Term Research Grant for Israel (€ 1200)
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), 3-Year Scholarship for the International Post-Graduate College (€ 60.000)
- University of Eindhoven, Invited Talk (€ 300)
- User Modeling Inc., Best Poster Award ($ 200)
- Debis AG, Project Award (€ 1000)
- University of Philadelphia, Travel Grant ($ 600)
- Student Awards Agency for Scotland (SAAS), Stipend (GBP 2000)
- Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst (DAAD), Erasmus Stipend (€ 600)
Teaching Assistance |
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Courses
- Proseminar Digital Lifelogs , WS2009/2010
- Lecture at Minerva Summer School for Ubiquitous Display Environments , 2009
- Seminar Bachelor- und Master-Seminar , SS2008
- Lecture at Einführung in die Methoden der Künstlichen Intelligenz , SS2008
- Seminar Bachelor- und Master-Seminar , WS2007/2008
- Seminar Bachelor- und Master-Seminar , SS2007
- Seminar "A.I. Tools", WS2006/2007
- Advanced course "Semantic Web Technologies", SS2006
- Exercise to Lecture "Einführung in die Methoden der Künstlichen Intelligenz, WS 2005
- Proseminar "Benutzermodellierung (User Modeling)", WS 2002/2003
Students
- Rafael Math, master thesis: "UbisAccess, Social Web Applications and Personalized Photo Sharing"
- Matthias Loskyll, master thesis: "Collaborative Ontology Development"
- Hangama Quraischy, bachelor thesis: "Web 2.0 auf dem Dorf" (co-supervising with Michael Schmitz)
- Rafael Math, bachelor thesis: "UbisLibrary - ein RFID- und Barcode-basiertes ubiquitäres Büchermanagementsystem"
- Matthias Loskyll, bachelor thesis: "Ontologische und Ajax-basierte Erweiterung der UbisWorld"
- Pascal Recktenwald, bachelor thesis: "Ein Web 2.0 Bewertungssystem für UbisWorld"
- Can Kayali, master thesis: "Hybrid partial OWL ontology matching for service selection in the semantic web" (co-supervising with Matthias Klusch)
- Verena Schmitt, bachelor thesis, "Dynamische Bayessche Netze als Inferenzkomponente in UbisWorld", (co-supervising with Boris Brandherm)
- Christian Blass, bachelor thesis: "Conflict Resolution Strategies for Ubiquitous User Modeling"
- Alexey Gromov, FoPra: "Graphical UserML Interface for Handheld Devices with Small Displays"
- Andreas Morsing und Holger Schultheis, FoPra: "Komponenten zur Umgebungsmodellierung, Positionsbestimmung und 3D-Kartenvisualisierung in einem Fußgängernavigationsystem" (co-supervising with Christoph Stahl)
Examination Assessor
- defence of Dr. Jürgen Zimmer: "MathServe – A Framework for Semantic Reasoning Services"
- defence of Dr. Norbert Pfleger: "Context-based Multimodal Interpretation: An Integrated Approach to Multimodal Fusion and Discourse Processing"
- defence of Dr. Boris Brandherm: "Eingebettete dynamische Bayessche Netze n-ter Ordnung"
- defence of Dr. Rainer Wasinger: "Multimodal Interaction with Mobile Devices: Fusing a Broad Spectrum of Modality Combinations"
- defence of Dr. Ralph Debusmann: "Extensible Dependency Grammar: A Modular Grammar Formalism Based on Multigraph Description"
Publications |
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2009
UbisLabel & UnderscoreEncoding: a new Approach for Label-Encoding in the Multilingual World Wide Web
Dominikus Heckmann, Matthias Loskyll
Internet/WWW 2009 (submitted)
show abstract
Internationalization of identification names, for cities for instance, bears two major problems: which
language to choose for the label and which character set to choose for those characters that are not covered
by the ASCII character set. UbisLabel is a new approach to combine ideas for internationalizing the labels for
identifiers on the Semantic Web and the Web in general. We introduce an inline syntax to put several, possibly
multilingual labels into one string. UderscoreEncoding is able to represent the full Unicode code points shorter
than any existing UTF representation. It has been developed in order to represent special characters in an efficient
manner without using any characters apart from alphanumerical letters plus the underscore only. The idea is that
such encoded labels can be attached directly to the identifiers (like URIs) without the need to be further encoded
anywhere else in the Internet.
Addressing Challenges of Ubiquitous User Modeling: Between Mediation and Semantic Integration
Shlomo Berkovsky, Dominikus Heckmann, Tsvi Kuflik
Ubiquitous User Modeling, Spring 2009
show abstract
Ubiquitous User Modeling aims at providing personalized services to inhabitants of smart environments. Current research in ubiquitous user modeling focuses on two directions. The first is a practical approach that tries to resolve current problems of sparseness of data and heterogeneity of user modeling techniques and representations by mediation of user models or building hybrid systems. The second approach is based on semantic standardization of user modeling enabling user modeling data exchange and sharing by using a common user modeling ontology and language. Although both approaches have their limitations, their integration has the potential to leverage their advantages and overcome the limitations. This paper discusses initial work done in this direction, suggests a path for such integration, and points out research directions aimed at bridging the gap between these approaches.
Mashing up user data in the Grapple User Modeling Framework
Fabian Abel, Dominikus Heckmann, Eelco Herder, Jan Hidders, Geert-Jan Houben,
Daniel Krause, Erwin Leonardi, Kees van der Slujis
ABIS 2009
show abstract
In this paper we demonstrate the Grapple
User Modeling Framework (GUMF), which exploits
Semantic Web technologies and Web 2.0
paradigms to model users across different applications
and domains. It introduces novel features
such as dataspaces, which logically bundle user
data, and user pipes, which allow to mash up user
data from different sources.
Visualization of Spatial Knowledge with Ontology Trees and Adaptable Search Result Grids in the Era of Web 3.0
Matthias Loskyll, Dominikus Heckmann, Christian Glahn
9th International Conference on Knowledge Management and Knowledge Technologies
show abstract
With the emerging trend ofWeb 3.0 and the resulting huge amount of usergenerated
semantically-enriched data, improved ways of knowledge visualization and
human computer interaction are needed. We present several techniques of visualizing
particularly spatial knowledge in largely scalable, clear structured ontology trees on
the web. In addition, we describe the representation of search results with a combined
approach consisting of Ajax-based grids and Google Maps.
UbisEditor 3.0: Collaborative Ontology Development on the Web
Matthias Loskyll, Dominikus Heckmann, Ichiro Kobayashi
Web 3.0: Merging Semantic Web and Social Web, Workshop at Hypertext 2009
show abstract
Ontologies continuously become larger and more complex,
and therefore more and more dicult to maintain, to edit
and to develop by one single person or a small group of
experts. The basic principle of Web 2.0, on the other hand,
is to use the willingness and knowledge of a huge community
of users to create rich user-generated content. The obvious
idea that comes to mind is to combine the technologies of the
Semantic Web with the trend of the Web 2.0. We present
UbisEditor 3.0, an easy-to-use web tool for the creation and
manipulation of structured collective knowledge represented
as ontologies. This web ontology editor is realized as part of
the UbisWorld project and already supports ontology editing
techniques like adding new concepts, renaming and deleting,
but also the creation of personalized ontology views.
Ideas for Collaborative Ontology Development on the Upcoming Web 3.0 Era
Matthias Loskyll, Dominikus Heckmann
11th Intl. Protégé Conference
show abstract
Ontologies continuously become larger and more complex, and therefore more and
more dicult to maintain, to edit and to develop by one single person or a small group of experts.
The basic principle of Web 2.0, on the other hand, is to use the willingness and knowledge of
a huge community of users to create rich user-generated content. The obvious idea that comes
to mind is to combine the technologies of the Semantic Web with the trend of the Web 2.0. In
this paper we present UbisEditor, an easy-to-use web tool for the creation and manipulation of
structured collective knowledge represented as ontologies. This web ontology editor is realized as
part of the UbisWorld project (http://www.ubisworld.org) and already supports ontology editing
techniques like adding new concepts, renaming and deleting, but also the creation of personalized
ontology views.
Towards Collaborative Ontology Development in the Upcoming Web 3.0 Era with UbisEditor
Matthias Loskyll, Dominikus Heckmann
11th Intl. Protégé Conference
show abstract
Collaborative ontology development combines the community approach of Web 2.0 with one of the key
technologies of the Semantic Web; therefore, this idea perfectly ts to the de nition of Web 3.0 by Wahlster
and Dengel [4]. In this demo description we present UbisEditor, an easy-to-use web tool for the creation and
manipulation of structured collective knowledge represented as ontologies, similar to the idea of WebProtege
[3]. This web ontology editor is realized as part of the UbisWorld project (http://www.ubisworld.org)
and already supports ontology editing techniques like adding new concepts, renaming, deleting, multilingual
label editing, but also the creation of personalized ontology views.
UbisWorld 3.0: a Semantic Tool Set for Ubiquitous User Modeling
Dominikus Heckmann, Matthias Loskyll, Rafael Math,
Pascal Recktenwald, Christoph Stahl
Demonstration description in online proceedings of First International Conference on User Modeling, Adaptation, and Personalization (UMAP 2009)
[ DOWNLOAD NOTE ]
show abstract
Ubiquitous User Modeling looks at personalization within
smart environments, tries to resolve problems of diversity of user modeling
techniques and representations by mediation of user models, and
bases on semantic standardization of user modeling enabling user modeling
data exchange and sharing by using a common user modeling ontology
and language. This paper describes the initial work done in the
UbisWorld 3.0 project, a tool set of semantic web and Web 2.0-like services
with the distributed management of scrutable user models, as well
as the foundations for a distributed user model ontology development.
This demonstration description previews only selected aspects of the new
data types, implementation issues and the user interfaces. The complete
system can be tested online as registered user at www.ubisworld.org.
2008
An Activity-Based Approach to the Design of User Assistance in Intelligent Environments
Christoph Stahl, Dominikus Heckmann, Michael Schneider, Alexander Kröner
Capturing Ambient Assisted Living Needs, International Workshop at AmI 2008 Conference, November 19th 2008, Nürnberg.
[pdf]
show abstract
Designing user assistance systems in intelligent environments poses many challenges. The system has to provide useful support for its user in everyday situations, while keeping the user interface as simple as possible. This requires a well-founded understanding of the user’s needs, and deep knowledge of pervasive human-computer technology, such as RFID sensors and computer vision. In this paper, we present a new design method, based on Activity Theory, and a toolkit that supports the designer of ambient intelligence systems. The toolkit integrates a geometric location model with a symbolic activity model, so that the typical activities of the user can be analyzed with respect to the environment in order to identify useful assistance features. Furthermore, the system supports the designer to make the necessary decisions for the instrumentation of the environment, i.e. which sensors to use and where to place them.
Context Integration for Ubiquitous User Modeling: Solving Semantic Conflicts with WordNet and GUMO
Dominikus Heckmann and Christian Blass
5th International Workshop on Ubiquitous User Modeling, UbiqUM'2008, Gran Canaria, Spain, 2008
2007
The User Model and Context Ontology GUMO revisited for future Web 2.0 Extensions
Dominik Heckmann, Eric Schwarzkopf, Junichiro Mori, Dietmar Dengler, Alexander Kröner
Contexts and Ontologies: Representation and Reasoning, pp.37-46
show abstract
We revisit the top-level ontology Gumo for the uniform man-
agement of user and context models in a semantic web environment.
We discuss design decisions, while putting the focus on ontological is-
sues. The structural integration into user model servers, especially into
the U2M-UserModel&ContextService, is also presented. We show ubiq-
uitous applications using the user model ontology Gumo together with
the user model markup language UserML. Finally, we ask how data from
Web 2.0 and especially from a social tagging application like del.icio.us
as a basis for user adaptation and context-awareness could in°uence the
ontology.
Providing Context-Aware Personalization through Cross-Context Reasoning of User Modeling Data
Shlomo Berkovsky, Lora Aroyo, Dominik Heckmann, Geert-Jan Houben,
Alexander Kröner, Tsvi Kuflik, Francesco Ricci
International Workshop on Ubiquitous and Decentralized User Modeling (UbiDeUM'2007), pp. 2-7
[ DOWNLOAD NOTE ]
show abstract
Existing personalization systems base their services on user models
that typically disregard the issue of context-awareness. This work focuses on
developing mechanisms for cross-context reasoning, i.e., inferences linking
user model data in two different contexts. That reasoning process augments the
typically sparse user models, by inferring the missing information from other
contextual conditions, and better supports context-aware personalization. Thus,
the proposed approach upgrades the existing personalization systems and facilitates provision of more accurate context-aware personalized services.
Mining the Structure of Tag Spaces for User Modeling
Eric Schwarzkopf, Dominik Heckmann, Dietmar Dengler, Alexander Kröner
Proceedings of the Workshop on Data Mining for User Modeling at the 11th International Conference on User Modeling (K-DUUM'2007), pp. 63-75
[ DOWNLOAD NOTE ]
show abstract
We propose an approach for using data from a social tagging application
like del.icio.us as a basis for user adaptation. We discuss several algorithms for
learning taxonomies of tags from tag spaces. The learned taxonomy can be used to define adaptation rules that determine how to change a system given the tags a user is most interested in. We describe how the latter can be determined by mapping a user's personal tag space into the taxonomy.
The contributions of this work are a description of an application scenario for taxonomymining algorithms, a discussion and comparison of algorithms by Mika[3], Heymann et al.[2], and Schmitz et al.[4], and the proposal of an extension to the algorithms that takes the contexts of tags into account when building a taxonomy.
Learning Ubiquitous User Models based on Users’ Location History
Junichiro Mori, Dominik Heckmann, Yutaka Matsuo, Anthony Jameson
Proceedings of the Workshop on Data Mining for User Modeling at the 11th International Conference on User Modeling (K-DUUM'2007), pp. 40-49
[ DOWNLOAD NOTE ]
show abstract
Recent development of location technologies enables us to obtain the location history of users. This paper proposes a new method to infer users’ long-term properties from their respective location histories. Counting the instances of sensor detection for every user, we can obtain a sensor-user matrix. After generating features from the matrix, a machine learning approach is taken to automatically classify users into different categories for each user property. Inspired by information retrieval research, the problem to infer user properties is reduced to a text categorization problem. We compare weightings of several features and also propose sensor weighting. Our algorithms are evaluated using
experimental location data in an office environment. Our algorithm will bootstrap creating ubiquitous user models to enable context-aware information services.
Here and Now: A User-Adaptive and Location-Aware Task Planner
Christoph Stahl, Dominik Heckmann, Tim Schwartz, Oliver Fickert
International Workshop on Ubiquitous and Decentralized User Modeling (UbiDeUM'2007), pp. 52-63
[pdf]
show abstract
In this paper, we present a ubiquitous location-based task planner
that integrates a to-do list and a schedule/calendar with route knowledge and
adapts both its view and alarms to the user’s current situation. The task planner
is hosted on a web server and can be accessed from everywhere via a mobile
Web terminal, such as a mobile phone or notebook, or a public display
infrastructure which recognizes the user by their Bluetooth-device. Tasks can
be localized by specifying a certain location where the task can be
accomplished, such as an office or a store. Alternatively, a category can be
chosen from an ontology that includes activities like shopping, sports or
traveling by airplane. Since the task planner is likely to include dozens of tasks
for the near future, it is too large to be browsed on the go. Therefore the planner
implements a ‘here-and-now’ view, which adapts to the current time/date and
location of the user. Based on knowledge about the purpose, address and
opening hours of locations and routes, the task planner is able to filter for tasks
that can be accomplished nearby, considering the time to reach the location and
other deadlines. A second feature is an adaptive reminder, which considers the
time that is needed to travel to the specified location of a task.
Adaptive Mobile Guides
Antonio Krüger, Jörg Baus, Dominik Heckmann, Michael Kruppa, Rainer Wasinger
P. Brusilovsky, A. Kobsa, and W. Nejdl (Eds.): The Adaptive Web, LNCS 4321, pp. 521–549, 2007.
Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
show abstract
In this chapter we discuss various aspects of adaptive mobile
guide applications. After having motivated the need for web based
mobile applications, we will discuss technologies that are needed to enable
adaptive mobile web applications, including not only positioning
technologies but also sensor technologies needed to determine additional
information on the context and situation of usage. We will also address
issues of modeling context and situations before giving an overview on
existing systems coming from three important classes of mobile guides:
museum guides, navigation systems and shopping assistants. The chapter
closes with an extensive discussion of relevant attributes of web based
mobile guides.
2006
Ubiquitous User Modeling
Dominik Heckmann
Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft Aka GmbH, Berlin, ISBN 3-89838-297-4 and ISBN 1-58603-608-4
[ DOWNLOAD NOTE ]
[BibTeX]
show abstract
More and more interactions take place between humans and mobile or connected IT-systems in daily life. This offers a great opportunity, especially to user modelling, to reach better adaptation with ongoing evaluation of user behaviour. This work develops a complete framework to realize the newly defined concept of ubiquitous user modelling. The developed tools cover methods for the uniform exchange and the semantic integration of partial user models. They also account for the extended needs for privacy and the right of every human for introspection and control of their collected data. The SITUATIONAL STATEMENTS and the exchange language USERML have been developed on the syntactical level, while the general user model ontology GUMO and the UBISWORLD ontology have been developed on the semantic level. A multilevel conflict resolution method, which handles the problem of contradictory statements, has been implemented together with a web-based user model service, such that the road capability and the scalability can be proven with this approach.
Sharing Sensor Data in Intelligent Environments
Tim Schwartz, Dominik Heckmann, and Jörg Baus
Proceedings of the Workshop on Ubiquitous Knowledge Discovery for Users (UKDU 2006), pages 81 - 88.
[ DOWNLOAD NOTE ]
[BibTeX]
show abstract
Instrumented environments are enriched with sensors,senders and computing
devices in order to support intelligent applications for the human-computer
interaction. Because the sensors and senders in the environment can deliver a
large amount of data, these so-called “intelligent environments” form ideal playgrounds
to test the novel idea of ubiquitous knowledge discovery. In this paper
we will describe the sensor architecture and the management software that is installed
in the SUPIE (Saarland University Pervasive Intelligent Environment) for
sharing basic sensor data. As an example application for ubiquitous knowledge
discovery we describe our positioning system that collects data from different
types of senders and that derives the user’s position by fusing all data that can be
helpful for this task.
Predicting User Experiences through Cross-Context Reasoning
Shlomo Berkovsky, Lora Aroyo, Dominik Heckmann, Geert-Jan Houben,
Alexander Kröner, Tsvi Kuflik, Francesco Ricci
submitted to ABIS'06
show abstract
The existing personalization systems typically base their services on general user models that ignore the issue of context-awareness. This work focuses on developing mechanisms for cross-context reasoning of the user models, which can be applied for the context-aware personalization. The reasoning augments the sparse user models by inferring the missing information from other contextual conditions. Thus, it upgrades the ex-isting personalization systems and facilitates provision of accurate context-aware services.
SharedLife: Towards Selective Sharing of Augmented Personal Memories
Wolfgang Wahlster, Alexander Kröner, and Dominik Heckmann
In: O. Stock, M. Schaerf (eds.): Reasoning, Action and Interaction in AI Theories and Systems. Essays Dedicated to Luigia Carlucci Aiello, LNAI 4155, Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, 2006, pp. 327-342
[ DOWNLOAD NOTE ]
show abstract
The rapid deployment of low-cost ubiquitous sensing devices
– including RFID tags and readers, global positioning systems, wireless
audio, video, and bio sensors – makes it possible to create instrumented
environments and to capture the physical and communicative interaction
of an individual with these environments in a digital register. One of the
grand challenges of current AI research is to process this multimodal and
massive data stream, to recognize, classify, and represent its digital content
in a context-sensitive way, and finally to integrate behavior understanding
with reasoning and learning about the individual’s day by day
experiences. This augmented personal memory is always accessible to its
owner through an Internet-enabled smartphone using high-speed wireless
communication technologies. In this contribution, we discuss how
such an augmented personal memory can be built and applied for providing
the user with context-related reminders and recommendations in
a shopping scenario. With the ultimate goal of supporting communication
between individuals and learning from the experiences of others, we
apply this novel methods as the basis for a specific way of exploiting
memories — the sharing of augmented personal memories in a way that
doesn’t conflict with privacy constraints.
Web 3.0: Convergence of Web 2.0 and the Semantic Web
Wolfgang Wahlster and Andreas Dengel, with contributions by Dietmar Dengler, Dominik Heckmann, Malte Kiesel, Alexander Pfalzgraf,
Thomas Roth-Berghofer, Leo Sauermann, Eric Schwarzkopf, and Michael Sintek
Deutsche Telekom Laboratories, Technology Radar Feature Paper, Edition II/2006
June 2006, pp. 1-23
show abstract
The World Wide Web (WWW) has drastically
improved access to digitally stored information.
However, content in the WWW has so far only
been machine-readable but not machineunderstandable.
Since information in the WWW
is mostly represented in natural language, the
available documents are only fully understandable
by human beings. The Semantic Web is based
on the content-oriented description of digital
documents with standardized vocabularies that
provide machine understandable semantics. The
result is the transformation from a Web of Links into
a Web of Meaning/Semantic Web [ ], (see arrow
A in Fig. ). On the other hand, the traditional Web
.0 has recently undergone an orthogonal shift into
a Web of People/Web 2.0 where the focus is set
on folksonomies, collective intelligence, and the
wisdom of groups (see arrow B in Fig. ). Only the
combined muscle of semantic web technologies
and broad user participation will ultimately lead
to a Web 3.0, with completely new business
opportunities in all segments of the ITC market.
Without Web 2.0 technologies and without
activating the power of community-based semantic
tagging, the emerging semantic web cannot be
scaled and broadened to the level that is needed
for a complete transformation of the current
syntactic web. On the other hand, current Web 2.0
technologies cannot be used for automatic service
composition and open domain query answering
without adding machine-understandable content
descriptions based on semantic web technologies.
The ultimate worldwide knowledge infrastructure
cannot be fully produced automatically but needs
massive user participation based on open semantic
platforms and standards.
The interesting and urgent question that arises is:
what happens when the emerging Semantic Web
and Web 2.0 intersect with their full potential? We
analyze this question throughout this feature paper
and present the converging idea that we call Web
3.0. We use the following definition in this paper:
Web 3.0 = Semantic Web + Web 2.0.
A good example for developing Web 3.0 is the
mobile personal information assistant (see
Fig. 2). The user makes queries using natural
language, and the assistant answers by extracting
and combining information from the entire
web, evaluating the information found while
applying Semantic Web technologies. Today’s
second-generation search engines are based on
keywords within the syntactic web, while open
domain question answering engines are based on
information extraction and the Semantic Web.
Exploiting the Link Between Personal, Augmented Memories and Ubiquitous User Modeling
Alexander Kröner, Dominik Heckmann and Michael Schneider
Workshop on Ubiquitous User Modeling (UbiqUM'06),
Riva del Garda, Italy, 2006, pp. 25-26
[ DOWNLOAD NOTE ]
show abstract
Dense logging of a user’s interactions with an intelligent
environment enables the creation of artificial memory structures,
which augment the user’s natural memory. In this article we
discuss the interrelationship between such augmented memories and
ubiquitous user modeling, and the particular benefits of linking both
concepts. On the basis of a prototype implementation, we illustrate
how ubiquitous user modeling contributes to the building of personal,
augmented memories, and discuss how the latter one may enrich
ubiquitous user models and thus grant other applications access to
memory content. We conclude with a discussion of how users may
exploit such hybrid systems to share their personal memories with
other users.
Ambient Audio Notification with Personalized Music
Ralf Jung, Dominik Heckmann
Workshop on Ubiquitous User Modeling (UbiqUM'06), Riva del Garda, Italy, 2006, pp. 16-18
[ DOWNLOAD NOTE ]
[BibTeX]
show abstract
In this paper we present a user adaptive approach for an ambient audio notification
application for multi-user environments. We provide a user centralized
notification system working unobtrusively by embedding audio cues in an
ambient soundscape by connecting the u2m.org user modeling service.
First we introduce the ambient notification system for intelligent environments followed by the identification of extension properties for the user model on\-to\-logy to get an ambient user adaptive notification service. This short paper should be seen as work in progress that addresses the current research field combining ubiquitous computing and user modeling.
Situation Modeling and Smart Context Retrieval with Semantic Web Technology and Conflict Resolution
Dominik Heckmann
T.R. Roth-Berghofer, S. Schulz, and D.B. Leake (Eds.): MRC 2005, LNAI 3946, pp. 34–47,
Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2006
[ DOWNLOAD NOTE ]
[BibTeX]
show abstract
We present a service to model situations and retrieve contextual
information in mobile and ubiquitous computing environments. We introduce the
general user model and context ontology GUMO for the uniform interpretation
of distributed situational information in intelligent semantic web enriched
environments. Furthermore, we present the relation to the user model and context
markup language USERML, that is used to exchange partial models between
different adaptive applications. Our modeling and retrieval approach bases on
semantic web technology and complex conflict resolution concepts.
SPECTER: Building, Exploiting and Sharing Augmented Memories
Alexander Kröner, Dominik Heckmann, Wolfgang Wahlster
Workshop on Knowledge Sharing for Everyday Life, KSEL 2006, Kyoto, Japan, ISBN 4-902401-03-7, pages 9-16
[ DOWNLOAD NOTE ]
[BibTeX]
show abstract
Knowledge about the history of a given situation is of special
interest for adaptive systems; it enables them to learn about users,
to identify their habits, and thus to improve the quality of user
support. In addition such knowledge can be applied by users to learn
about themselves— and from others. We describe in this article how
these issues can be addressed by the means of augmented memories
created from sensor data automatically captured in an intelligent
environment. After a discussion of how to represent and to process
such memories, we show how they can be exploited by adaptive systems
and users as well. One promising way of exploiting memories is to
share them with others; this is reflected by the last part of our
contribution where we address varying ways of sharing augmented
memories.
2005
Ubiquitous User Modeling
Dominik Heckmann
PhD thesis, Computer Science Department, Saarland University, Germany
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More and more interactions take place between humans and mobile or connected IT-systems
in daily life. This offers a great opportunity, especially to user modeling, to reach better
adaptation with ongoing evaluation of user behavior.
This work develops a complete framework to realize the newly defined concept of
ubiquitous user modeling. The developed tools cover methods for the uniform exchange and
the semantic integration of partial user models. They also account for the extended needs
for privacy and the right of every human for introspection and control of their collected data.
The SITUATIONALSTATEMENTS and the exchange language USERML have been developed
on the syntactical level, while the general user model ontology GUMO and the UBISWORLD
ontology have been developed on the semantical level.
A multilevel conflict resolution method, which handles the problem of contradictory
statements, has been implemented together with a web-based user model service, such that
the road capability and the scalability can be proven with this approach.
Calculation of the User-Direction in an Always Best Positioned Mobile Localization System
Tim Schwartz, Boris Brandherm and Dominik Heckmann
Proceedings of the International Workshop on Artificial Intelligence in Mobile Systems (AIMS 2005), Salzburg, Austria, 2005
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In an Always Best Positioned (ABP) localization system the output of different localization techniques are fused together to get an even better position accuracy. Besides the information about the position of a user, his viewing or walking direction is also important. This paper describes an extension of our mobile APB system that uses RFID tags and infrared beacons. We describe how different direction information – derived from different sensors or calculations – can be fused together with the help of Dynamic Bayesian networks.
Distributed User Modeling for Situated Interaction
Dominik Heckmann
35. GI Jahrestagung, Informatik 2005 - Workshop Situierung, Individualisierung und Personalisierung, ISBN 3-88579-396-2, Bonn, Germany, pp. 266-270
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A distributed service to model and control contextual information in mobile
and ubiquitous computing environments is presented in this paper. We introduce the
general user model ontology GUMO for the uniform interpretation of distributed situational
information in intelligent semantic web enriched environments.We show the
relation to the user model markup language USERML, that is used to exchange partial
models between different adaptive applications. Our modeling and retrieval approach
bases on semantic web technology and conflict resolution concepts.
Situation Modeling and Smart Context Retrieval with Semantic Web Technology and Conflict Resolution
Dominik Heckmann
IJCAI-Workshop Modeling and Retrieval of Context (MRC2005), Edinburgh, Scotland, pp. 128-132
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We present a distributed service to model and control contextual
information in mobile and ubiquitous computing environments. We describe the
general user model and context ontology GUMO for the uniform interpretation
of distributed situational information in intelligent semantic web enriched
environments. Furthermore, we present the relation to the user model and context
markup language USERML, that is used to exchange partial models between
different adaptive applications. Our modeling and retrieval approach bases on
semantic web technology and complex conflict resolution concepts.
Decentralized User Modeling with UserML and GUMO
Dominik Heckmann, Tim Schwartz, Boris Brandherm, Alexander Kröner
Proceedings of the Workshop on Decentralized, Agent Based and Social Approaches to User Modelling (DASUM 2005), Edinburgh, Scotland, 2005, pp. 61-65
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We present a new architecture for decentralized user modeling and
briefly discuss the user model markup language USERML, the general user model
ontology GUMO for the uniform interpretation of decentralized user models, and
the integration of ubiquitous applications with the u2m.org user model service.
The motivation is that ubiquitous evaluation of user behavior with a variety of
systems in the web or the physical world might lead to attractive new services.
GUMO - the General User Model Ontology
Dominik Heckmann, Tim Schwartz, Boris Brandherm, Michael Schmitz and Margeritta von Wilamowitz-Moellendorff
Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on User Modeling (UM'2005), Edinburgh, UK, 2005, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, LNAI 3538, pp. 428-432
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We introduce the general user model ontology GUMO for the uniform interpretation of distributed user models in intelligent semantic web enriched environments. We discuss design decisions, show the relation to the user model markup language UserML and present the integration of ubiquitous applications with the user model service U2M.
Adaptive multimodal presentation of multimedia content in museum scenarios
Michael Kruppa, Dominik Heckmann, Antonio Krüger
KI Journal, volume 01/05, pp 56-59
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In this article we will present the concepts of a user-adaptive and context-sensitive multimedia presentation guide for museums. The focus of our approach lies on an architecture that facilitates the adaptive presentation of multimedia content on mobile and stationary devices. Life-like characters are used to maintain the coherence of the presentation, even if the presentation medium is changing. Different types of characters convey different kinds of information. The content is selected according to the actual situation of users, which not only includes the position and orientation in the museum, but also the history of their visit and their interests. A very general user modelling framework is used to request and update information on users. This framework on the one hand allows users to control and modify personal information, and on the other hand facilitates to share the user model with other applications, e.g. with other museums. Finally, we will share our experiences that we have gained in two different museum settings.
2004
Using Semantic Web Technology for Ubiquitous Location and Situation Modeling.
Christoph Stahl, Dominik Heckmann
The Journal of Geographic Information Sciences, CPGIS: Berkeley, Vol. 10, No. 2., December 2004, pages 157-165.
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We use semantic web technology to utilize the world wide web for a large-scale ubiquitous (qualitative and geometric) location model, in order to achieve shareability and extensibility at low operational cost. Our intention is to model location and user characteristics, in order to realize location aware applications with a focus on pedestrian navigation in buildings and situated user interaction. We present the ubiquitous symbolic location and situational context model UbisWorld and the tool Yamamoto for the modeling of hierarchical geometrical maps.
User Modeling for Modular Adaptive Hypermedia
Vadim Chepegin, Lora Aroyo, Paul De Bra, Dominik Heckmann
Workshop on Applications of Semantic Web Technologies for Educational Adaptive Hypermedia in conjunction with AH'04, Eindhoven, The Netherlands, pages 366-371
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More and more users work simultaneously with multiple applications, where they perform various tasks in order to achieve their goals. This situation puts high demands on the user adaptive systems (UAS), which traditionally support user's work in single isolated domain, and now shift towards personalization in multi-task and cross-domain context. In their attempt to meet the increasing demands, UAS grow both in number and in complexity, but they do little about their compatibility and interoperability for collaboration and sharing of user information in order to accomplish comprehensive adaptation support in distributed and multi-task environments. This is a major disadvantage for modern UAS. To overcome those difficulties we propose a Component-based Architecture for User Adaptive Systems (\emph{CompAS}). Our key contribution in \emph{CompAS} is modularization of knowledge models and as a consequence of this allowing existing UAS to share their user models and further process them by the means of centralized User Model Server. As a proof of concept we show how two existing applications AHA! \cite{bra:aha} and UserModelServer \cite{dmnk:ums} achieve interaction via the sharing of their user models.
Using Semantic Web Technology for Ubiquitous Hybrid Location Modelling
Christoph Stahl, Dominik Heckmann
1st Workshop on Ubiquitous GIS, in conjunction with 12th International Conference on Geoinformatics, 7-9 June 2004 - Gävle, Sweden.
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We use semantic web technology to utilize the world wide web for a large-scale ubiquitous hybrid location model, in order to achieve shareability and extensibility. Our intention is to model location and user characteristics, in order to realize location aware applications with focus on situated user interaction and pedestrian navigation. We present the ubiquitous symbolic location model UbisWorld and the tool Yamamoto for the modeling of hierarchical geometrical maps.
REAL: Situated Dialogues in Instrumented Environments
C. Stahl, J. Baus, A. Krüger, D. Heckmann, R. Wasinger, M. Schneider
Workshop on Invisible and Transparent Interfaces at AVI 2004, Gallipoli, Italy, 2004, pp. 10-15.
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We give a survey of the research project REAL, where we investigate how a system can proactively assist its user in solving different tasks in an instrumented environment by sensing implicit interaction and utilising distributed presentation media. First we introduce
the architecture of our instrumented environment, which uses a blackboard to coordinate the components of the environment, such as the sensing and positioning services and interaction devices. A ubiquitous user model provides contextual information on the users
characteristics, actions and locations. The user may access and control their profile via a web interface. In the following, we present two mobile applications to employ the environmental support for situated dialogues, a shopping assistant and a pedestrian navigation system. Both applications allow for multi-modal interaction through a combination of speech, gesture and sensed actions such as motion.
Reference Manual to the U2M User Model Server
Dominik Heckmann
Technical Report, Saarland University
2003
UserModelOntology.DAML
Dominik Heckmann
Technical Submission
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Adapting Spoken and Visual Output for a Pedestrian Navigation System, based on given Situational Statements
Rainer Wasinger, Dominika Oliver, Dominik Heckmann, Bettina Braun, Boris Brandherm, Christoph Stahl
11th GI-Workshop on Adaptivity and User Modeling in Interactive Software Systems (ABIS-2003), Karlsruhe, 2003, pp. 343-346.
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As mobile devices become more and more complex, there is an increasing desire for these devices to adapt to their users. This paper identifies parameters for different input
sources (user, device and environment), and the parameters of media output (speech, graphics, sound and text), that may be modified to tailor user presentation in a pedestrian navigation system. We also provide an initial insight into some of the causal relationships between our input and output parameters, with a specific focus on the effects that speech can contribute to the presentation of media output.
Integrating Privacy Aspects into Ubiquitous Computing: A Basic User Interface for Personalization
Dominik Heckmann
AIMS03 Workshop, in conjunction with UbiComp2003, Seattle, USA, pages 106-110
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Ubiquitous computing will have a unifying influence on user modeling, context-awareness and resource-adaptivity.
The idea of this paper is to suggest a basic mechanism to integrate privacy aspects into mobile and ubiquitous computing.
The user is enabled to annotate situational and user specific data with privacy settings.
The three mayor sections described in this paper cover the "personalization user interface", the world-model "UbisWorld", and
the basic data structure of "situational statements".
Introducing "Situational Statements" as an integrating Data Structure for User Modeling, Context-Awareness and Resource-Adaptive Computing
Dominik Heckmann
Abis'03 Workshop, Karlsruhe, Germany, pages 283-286
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Ubiquitous computing will have a unifying influence on user
modeling, context-awareness and resource-adaptivity. The idea of
this paper is to suggest a basic, semantically founded, uniform data
structure that is simple but still expressive enough to cover all
representational needs. An extended triple, which is based on RDF
resources is introduced as well as an XML application for so called
”Situational Statements”.
A User Modeling Markup Language (UserML) for Ubiquitous Computing
Dominik Heckmann and Antonio Krueger
In Peter Brusilovsky, Albert Corbett, Fiorella de Rosis Eds., UM 2003, LNAI 2702: Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on User Modeling, Berlin Heidelberg: Springer, pp. 393-397 (Best Poster Award)
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A Specialized Representation for Ubiquitous Computing and User Modeling
Dominik Heckmann
First Workshop on User Modeling for Ubiquitous Computing, in conjunction with UM 2003, University of Pittsburgh at Johnstown, USA, pages 26-28
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Ubiquitous computing offers new chances and challenges to the
field of user modeling. With the markup languages UserML and its
corresponding ontology UserOL we try to contribute a platform for
the communication about partial user models in a ubiquitous
computing environment, where all different kinds of systems work
together to satisfy the user's needs. The expected result is that
permanent evaluation of user behaviour with different systems
and devices will lead to better user models and thus allow better
functions of adaptation like adaptive web-sites, recommended
products, adaptive route planning or better speech interaction. We
also present an implementation of a general user model browser and
editor which is based on UserML and which is embedded in an
ubiquitous computing simulation environment with the name UbisWorld.
A Model for Situated User Interaction in Instrumented Environments
Dominik Heckmann
Poster at Interdisciplinary College 2003 (IK2003), Guenne at Lake Moehne, Germany
2002
Towards User Modeling in Ubiquitous Computing
Dominik Heckmann
In Artificial Intelligence in Mobile System (AIMS-2002),in conjunction with (ECAI-2002), Lyon, France, pages 58-65
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This paper shows some ideas on the current progress in merging user modeling with
ubiquitous computing and mobile computing. This work is under progress. The selected challenge is "to enable constant user modeling with different systems." The possible roles of mobile devices are addressed. A common language to exchange parts of the user models, as well as user behavioral data and inference procedures must be defined. A communication architecture is needed and is under development.
Empirically Grounded Decision-Theoretic Adaptation to Situation-Dependent Resource Limitations
Thorsten Bohnenberger, Boris Brandherm, Barbara Großmann-Hutter, Dominik Heckmann, Frank Wittig
Special Issue "Adaptivity and User Modeling", KI-Journal, Vol.3, 2002, pages 10-16
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This article summarizes research on several interrelated general issues that can arise in the design and development of user modeling systems: the learning and subsequent adaptation of general user models on the basis of empirical data; the modeling of temporally variable properties of users, in particular time pressure and cognitive load; and the user-adaptive planning of interactions under uncertainty. The methods and results are integrated and illustrated with a prototype of a mobile assistance system for travelers in an airport.
Proposal for a User Modeling Markup Language (UserML)
Dominik Heckmann
10th GI-Workshop on Adaptivity and User Modeling in Interactive Software Systems (ABIS2002), Hannover, Germany, pages 17-21
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A unified markup language for User Modeling should be a key issue
in the research community. Standardization is of great importance
but single applications also call for very specific solutions.
With UserML, we try to contribute some aspects and try to feed into
future standardization efforts.
One purpose of the UserML project is to develop a platform for the
communication about partial user models in an ubiquitous computing
environment, where all different kinds of systems work together to
satisfy the user's needs.
Jon Orwant claims in his Doppelgänger project "that we need a protocol
for encoding information about users, that any given user modeling system
should be able to benefit from others and that user models should follow
you around."
2001
Ubiquitous User Modeling for Situated Interaction
Dominik Heckmann
In M. Bauer, P. Gmytrasiewicz, J. Vassileva Eds., User Modeling: Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference (UM2001), Berlin: Springer, Sonthofen, Germany, LNCS 2109: Springer, Berlin Heidelberg, pages 280-282
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The main contribution of my doctoral proposal will be the design of a standardized
and expandable XML-based User Modeling Ontology Language, which enables ubiquitous
systems to communicate about user models. The second contribution will be the
investigation of combining simple partial user models from the point of view of
the user modeling ontology language, as well as the specific example domain of
speech and manual input, which will be realized by object-oriented dynamic Bayesian networks.
2000
Interpreting Symptoms of Cognitive Load and Time Pressure in Manual Input
Kristin Lindmark, Dominik Heckmann
8th GI-Workshop on Adaptivity and User Modeling in Interactive Software Systems (ABIS-2000), Osnabrueck, Germany, pages 93-101
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Users of computing devices are increasingly likely to be subject to situationally
determined distractions that produce exceptionally high cognitive load and/or time
pressure. The question arises of how a system can automatically interpret symptoms
of such cognitive load and time pressure in the user’s manual input behavior while
taking the user’s knowledge of the system into account. An approach to this problem
is presented which the results of relevant previous research are used as the basis for
the construction and manipulation of a dynamic Bayesian network.
Parsing Mildly Context-Sensitive RMS
Tilman Becker, Dominik Heckmann
In John Carroll, editor, Proceedings of the Sixth International Workshop on Parsing Technologies (IWPT-2000), Trento, Italy
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We introduce Recursive Matrix Systems (RMS) which encompass mildly context--sensitive formalisms and present efficient parsing algorithms for linear and context--free variants of RMS. The time-complexities are O(n 2h+1) and O(n 3h) respectively, where h is the height of the matrix. It is possible to represent Tree Adjoining Grammars (TAG [1], MCTAG [2], and RTAG [3]) as RMS uniformly.
1999
Efficient Parsing of mildly context-sensitve Recursive Matrix Systems
Tilman Becker, Dominik Heckmann
Technical Report
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A recursive matrix has three different dimensions: height, width and depth. See figure 1. The three different
concepts embed, pump and parallel of formal languages can be simulated properly by the three dimensions
depth, width and height of recursive matrices. Note that matrix grammars with controlled derivations [DP89]
differ from recursive matrix systems.
RMS = (G; I) is a twostep formalism. In a first step, a grammar G = (N; T ; S; P ) generates with the
derivation relation a set of recursive matrices L(G). In a second step, the yield function read maps, according
to the interpretation I , the recursive matrices to a set of strings L(G; I).
Recursive Matrix Systems
Dominik Heckmann
Diploma Thesis, Saarland University, Germany
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Im Rahmen meiner Diplomarbeit habe ich mich mit Grammatikformalismen für das Parsing natürlicher Sprachen beschäftigt. Insbesondere habe ich mit den schwach-kontextsensitven Rekursiven Matrix Systemen (RMS), die auf Baumadjunktionsgrammatiken (TAG) und Gekoppelten kontext-freien Grammatiken (CCFG) basieren, gearbeitet. Ich habe dabei einerseits Resultate im Sinne der Theorie der Formalen Sprachen erzielt, andererseits aber auch einen Parsergenerator für RMS entwickelt und implementiert.
1998
Recursive Matrix Systems (RMS) and Tree Adjoining Grammars (TAG)
Tilman Becker, Dominik Heckmann
4th Workshop on Tree-Adjoining Grammars and Related Frameworks (TAG+4), Philadelphia, USA
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We define Recursive Matrix Systems (RMS), a highly parameterizable formalism that allows for a clear separation of various kinds of recursion. One instance of RMS, namely context--free RMS with 4 rows and a specific reading interpretation turns out to be weakly equivalent to TAG. This allows for the transfer of results from TAGs to this class of RMS. Furthermore, the equivalence proof is constructive and exhibits a very close relationship between the structures of the two formalism, namely trees and matrices. This allows to transfer interesting restrictions which can easily be defined in RMS to TAG. In particular, the obvious restriction of context--free RMS to regular RMS results in a restricted form of TAG which appears sufficient for natural language processing, albeit being less complex than
regular TAG.
Recursive Matrix Systems: A Highly Parameterizable Formal Rewriting System
Dominik Heckmann
10th European Summer School in Logic, Language and Information, Student Session (ESSLLI-98), Saarbruecken, Germany, pages 149-161
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A formal rewriting system is defined. It is capable of describing
contextfree, mildlycontextsensitive and contextsensitive languages as well as lan
guages in between. It allows to compare formal language properties in one uniform
framework. The main idea of RMS is adding a vertical dimension to the usual
string deriving grammars.
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