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Prof. Dr. Antonio Krueger
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- REAL-p3 2002-01-01 – 2004-12-31
- REAL-p1 1996-01-01 – 1998-12-31
- PEACH 2001-12-01 – 2005-12-01
- REAL-p2 1999-01-01 – 2001-12-31
Publications |
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2010
Innovative Retail Laboratory - Investigating Future Shopping Technologies
Antonio Krüger, Lübomira Spassova and Ralf Jung
it - Information Technology, Volume 52, Issue 2, Oldenbourg Verlag, pp. 114-118
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The Innovative Retail Laboratory (IRL) is an application-oriented research laboratory of the German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence (DFKI) run in collaboration with the German retailer GLOBUS SB-Warenhaus Holding in St. Wendel. In this living lab, we conduct research in a wide range of different domains all connected to intelligent shopping consultants, which range from a virtual assistant responsible for matters of dieting and allergies, over a digital sommelier, to personalized cross and up selling, smart items with digital product memories as a further development of the RFID technology, indoor positioning and navigation as well as new logistics concepts, to see if they are suitable for everyday life and useful for customers. New ways of customer interaction are developed and tested for implementation. The range varies from personalized shopping assistants to “talking” products and intelligent shopping carts, which plan and show the way through the store according to your shopping list. Furthermore they can give advice on what to buy for the recipes you have in mind, they compare products, point out special offers in a personalized way and give additional information about the products. However, the concepts and technologies that regard the self-service store of the future as a place for shopping are not IRL´s only focus. The relation between the store and its customers begins way before the shopping trip itself takes place. It starts with an individual shopping preparation and a personalized presentation of offers at home and will be continued afterwards through advice that is given about purchased goods and information about their use.
2007
Integration between mobile and stationary devices
Antonio Krüger, Michael Kruppa
O. Stock, M. Zancanaro (Eds.) : PEACH - Intelligent Interfaces for Museum Visits. Intelligent Interfaces for Museum Visits (Cognitive Technologies), 04/2007, Springer Verlag Berlin, Heidelberg, ISBN 978-3540687542
Adaptive, Intelligent Presentation of Information for the Museum Visitor in PEACH
Oliviero Stock, Massimo Zancanaro, Paulo Busetta, Charles Callaway, Antonio Krüger,
Michael Kruppa, Tsvi Kuflik, Elena Not and Cesare Rocchi
UMUAI (5/2007) - User Modeling and User-Adapted Interaction (Winner of the James Chen Best Paper Award 2007)
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The study of intelligent user interfaces and user modeling and adaptation is well suited for
augmenting educational visits to museums. We have defined a novel integrated framework for
museum visits and claim that such a framework is essential in such a vast domain that inherently
implies complex interactivity. We found that it requires a significant investment in software and
hardware infrastructure, design and implementation of intelligent interfaces, and a systematic
and iterative evaluation of the design and functionality of user interfaces, involving actual
visitors at every stage.
We defined and built a suite of interactive and user-adaptive technologies for museum visitors,
which was then evaluated at the Buonconsiglio Castle in Trento, Italy: (1) animated agents that
help motivate visitors and focus their attention when necessary, (2) automatically generated,
adaptive video documentaries on mobile devices, and (3) automatically generated post-visit
summaries that reflect the individual interests of visitors as determined by their behavior and
choices during their visit.
These components are supported by underlying user modeling and inference mechanisms that
allow for adaptivity and personalization. Novel software infrastructure allows for agent
connectivity and fusion of multiple positioning data streams in the museum space.
We conducted several experiments, focusing on various aspects of PEACH. In one, conducted
with 110 visitors, we found evidence that even older users are comfortable interacting with a
major component of the system.
Modelling Personality in Voices of Talking Products Through Prosodic Parameters
Michael Schmitz, Antonio Krüger, Sarah Schmidt
Proceedings of IUI2007: International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces, January 28-31, 2007, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA, ACM Press, New York, 313-316
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In this paper we report preliminary findings from two user studies
that on the one hand investigate how prosodic parameters of
synthetic speech can influence the perceived impression of the
speakers personality and on the other hand explores if and how
people attribute personality to objects such as typical products of
daily shopping. The results show that a) prosodic parameters have a
strong influence on the perceived personality and can be partially
used to achieve a desired impression and b) that subjects clearly
attribute personalities to products. Both findings encourage us to
continue our work on a dialogue shell for talking products.
Auditory Perceptible Landmarks in Mobile Navigation
Jörg Baus, Rainer Wasinger, Ilhan Aslan, Antonio Krüger, Andreas Maier, Tim Schwartz
Proceedings of IUI 07 (to appear)
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Normally, mobile pedestrian navigation systems use visually
perceptible landmarks to guide their users through
the environment. In this article we introduce concepts
for the use of auditory perceptible landmarks in route
descriptions. Such auditory perceptible landmarks complement
their visual counterparts and also stand to be
beneficial for certain groups like the visually impaired
and the elderly.
2006
Acquisition of Spatial Knowledge in Location Aware Mobile Pedestrian Navigation Systems
Ilhan Aslan, Maximilian Schwalm, Jörg Baus, Antonio Krüger, Tim Schwartz
Proceedings of the 8th international Conference on Human Computer Interaction with Mobile Devices and Services (Mobile HCI 2006), pages 105 - 108, ACM Press
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In this paper we regard the navigation aid provided by mobile navigation systems in a real environment and the effects of these mobile assistants to the development of spatial knowledge. Therefore, we report on a user study concerning the acquisition of spatial knowledge. This study sets up on a former study described by Krüger and colleagues and sheds light on problems concerning the acquisition of survey knowledge while being navigated by a mobile handheld PC.
2005
The COMPASS2008 Smart Dining Service
Ilhan Aslan, Feiyu Xu, Hans Uszkoreit , Antonio Krüger and Jörg Steffen
Demo paper at INTETAIN 2005
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The Compass2008 project is a sino-german cooperation,
aiming at integrating advanced information technologies to create a hightech
information system that helps visitors to access location-sensitive
information services during the 2008 Olympic Games in their preferred
language, offering a variety of service-adaptive modalities available on the
mobile devices. In this paper, we demonstrate one of the COMPASS2008
services, the Smart Dining Service, to showcase the new interaction concepts
between multimodality, multilingual and location-sensitive information
search.
COMPASS2008: Multimodal, multilingual and crosslingual interaction for mobile tourist guide applications. Long paper accepted for presentation at INTETAIN 2005 conference.
Ilhan Aslan, Feiyu Xu, Hans Uszkoreit , Antonio Krüger and Jörg Steffen
INTETAIN 2005
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The Compass2008 project is a sino-german cooperation,
aiming at integrating advanced information technologies to create a hightech
information system that helps visitors to access location-sensitive
information services during the 2008 Olympic Games in their preferred
language, offering a variety of service-adaptive modalities available on the
mobile devices. In this paper, we demonstrate one of the COMPASS2008
services, the Smart Dining Service, to showcase the new interaction concepts
between multimodality, multilingual and location-sensitive information
search.
Performing Physical Object References with Migrating Virtual Characters
Michael Kruppa, Antonio Krüger
Proceedings of the first conference on INtelligent TEchnologies
for interactive enterTAINment (INTETAIN2005)
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In this paper we address the problem of performing references to physical objects in instrumented spaces. The concept behind our solution is based on virtual characters. These characters are capable of performing reasonable combinations of motion, gestures and speech in order to disambiguate references to real world objects. The new idea of our work is to allow characters to migrate between displays to find an optimal position for the reference task. Based on a user study, we have developed a rule-based system that, depending on the individual situation in which the reference is performed, determines the most appropriate reference method and technology from a number of different alternatives.
Product Associated Displays in a Shopping Scenario
Lübomira Spassova, Rainer Wasinger, Jörg Baus, Antonio Krüger
4th IEEE and ACM International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality (ISMAR 05), 2005, pp. 210-211.
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In this paper, we introduce the concept of Product Associated
Displays – PADs – as a way of providing visual
feedback to users interacting with physical objects in an
instrumented environment. PADs are projected public displays
created at locations that can be intuitively associated
with the objects they show information about. The concept
is illustrated in a shopping scenario.
Modality Preference - Learning from Users
Rainer Wasinger, Antonio Krüger
Workshop on User Experience Design for Pervasive Computing (Experience) at Pervasive, 2005.
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An important constituent for mobile and ubiquitous computing systems is the interface and the associated human-computer interactions. Mobile contexts have different design requirements to stationary desktop contexts. Although previous work has concentrated on stationary domains and unimodal systems, and more recently on multimodal systems, user evaluation for the use of different modality combinations is limited. In this paper, we outline the qualitative results from a recent usability study. These results form a general guideline in determining which base modalities and modality combinations to use when designing for mobile and ubiquitous environments.
Integrating Intra and Extra Gestures into a Mobile and Multimodal Shopping Assistant
Rainer Wasinger, Antonio Krüger, Oliver Jacobs
Proc. of the 3rd International Conference on Pervasive Computing (Pervasive), 2005, pp. 297-314.
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Accompanying the rise of mobile and pervasive computing, applications now need to adapt to their surrounding environments and provide users with information in the environment in an easy and natural manner. In this paper we describe a user interface that integrates multimodal input on a handheld device with external gestures performed with real world artifacts. The described approach extends reference resolution based on speech, handwriting and gesture to that of real world objects that users may hold in their hands. We discuss the varied interaction channels available to users that arise from mixing and matching input modalities on the mobile device with actions performed in the environment. We also discuss the underlying components required in handling these extended multimodal interactions and present an implementation of our ideas in a demonstrator called the Mobile ShopAssist. This demonstrator is then used as the basis for a recent usability study that we describe on user interaction within mobile contexts.
Tangible UIs for Media Control - Probes Into the Design Space
Andreas Butz, Michael Schmitz, Antonio Krüger and Harald Hullmann
in extended Proceedings of CHI 2005, April 2 - 7, 2005, Portland, Oregon, USA
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In a student project over the summer of 2004 teams of computer science and product design students worked together to develop new forms of interfaces for media control in living room contexts. In this paper we des-cribe the design process from collecting first ideas of design choices and iteratively evolving (low-fidelity) prototypes to fully functional products, partially even meeting mass production requirements. We discuss how the interdisciplinary collaboration influenced the creative process in such a way, that the solutions were more realistic than purely design-informed solutions and more inspired than purely technology-informed ones. We experienced that the combination of skills lead to a much more focused design process, which produced fully functional prototypes in a short time. The resulting designs include one interface installed in the room, two autonomous interaction objects which can be freely moved around, and a two-handed inter-face. While these are only small spotlights into a large design space, they nicely show the possible diversity. We also learned that fully functional and aesthetically pleasing prototypes can be developed with techno-logically relatively simple means.
Managing Presentations in an Intelligent Environment
Christoph Stahl, Michael Schmitz, Antonio Krüger, Jörg Baus
MU3I Workshop at IUI 2005, San Diego, USA.
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Intelligent environments enable users to receive information
from a variety of sources, i.e. from a range of displays
embedded in those environments. From a services
perspective delivering presentations to users in such an
environment is not a trivial task. While designing a service
it is, for example, not clear at all which displays will be
present in the specific presentation situation and which of
those displays might be locked by other services. It is
further unclear if other users are able to see the
presentation, which could cause problems for the presentation
of private information in a public space. In this paper
we propose a solution to this problem by introducing the
concept of a presentation service that provides an
abstraction of the available displays. The service is able to
detect conflicts that arise when several users and services
try to access the same display space and provide strategies
to solve these conflicts by distributing presentations in
space and time. The service also notifies the user by a alarm
signal on a personal device each time a presentation is
shown on a public display in order to disambiguate content
between multiple users.
Adaptive multimodal presentation of multimedia content in museum scenarios
Michael Kruppa, Dominik Heckmann, Antonio Krüger
KI Journal, volume 01/05, pp 56-59
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In this article we will present the concepts of a user-adaptive and context-sensitive multimedia presentation guide for museums. The focus of our approach lies on an architecture that facilitates the adaptive presentation of multimedia content on mobile and stationary devices. Life-like characters are used to maintain the coherence of the presentation, even if the presentation medium is changing. Different types of characters convey different kinds of information. The content is selected according to the actual situation of users, which not only includes the position and orientation in the museum, but also the history of their visit and their interests. A very general user modelling framework is used to request and update information on users. This framework on the one hand allows users to control and modify personal information, and on the other hand facilitates to share the user model with other applications, e.g. with other museums. Finally, we will share our experiences that we have gained in two different museum settings.
Resource-Adaptive Personal Navigation
Jörg Baus, Antonio Krüger, Christoph Stahl
Chapter in: O. Stock and M. Zancanaro (eds.), Multimodal Intelligent Information Presentation, pages 71-93, Springer, 2005, ISBN: 1-4020-3049-5.
2004
Multimodal Interactions with an Instrumented Shelf
Rainer Wasinger, Michael Schneider, Jörg Baus, Antonio Krüger
Workshop on Artificial Intelligence in Mobile Systems (AIMS) at UbiComp, 2004, pp. 36-43.
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In this paper, we describe the initial implementation of our application demonstrator called ‘ShopAssist’. This application will aid users in product queries within a shopping scenario context. We describe the wide range of input modalities that our application supports such as speech, handwriting, intra and extra gestures, and the mixed modality combinations that promote advanced user interaction with real-world and virtual objects.
The Effects of Mobile Pedestrian Navigation Systems on the Concurrent Acquisition of Route and Survey Knowledge
Antonio Krüger, Ilhan Aslan , Hubert D. Zimmer
Mobile HCI 2004: 446-450
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The Bum Bag Navigator (BBN)
Ilhan Aslan, Antonio Krüger
An Advanced Pedestrian Navigation System. Workshop on Artificial Intelligence in Mobile Systems(AIMS) at UbiComp, 2004: 15-19
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Multi-modal Interaction with Mobile Navigation Systems
Rainer Wasinger, Antonio Krüger
W. Wahlster (Ed.): Special Journal Issue "Conversational User Interfaces", it - Information Technology 46 (2004) 6, München: Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag (ISSN 1611-2776), 2004, pp. 322-331.
[BibTeX]
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Navigation systems have seen significant advancements in recent years. They now exist for desktop computers, automobiles, and mobile devices. They are able to adapt to many different situational contexts and now provide a solid foundation for a wide range of location based services. Mobile multi-modal interfaces have seen similar advancements over the past few years as technologies previously designed for powerful mainframe computers are gradually swept into the reach of mobile devices. This paper describes a multi-modal user interface that has been integrated into a pedestrian navigation service called the Personal Navigator, and a closely interleaved shopping assistant called the Mobile ShopAssist. We describe the wide range of input interaction and output presentation that we believe mobile systems should provide and describe the importance for context-aware systems to adapt their user interfaces to the surrounding environment.
REAL: Situated Dialogues in Instrumented Environments
C. Stahl, J. Baus, A. Krüger, D. Heckmann, R. Wasinger, M. Schneider
Workshop on Invisible and Transparent Interfaces at AVI 2004, Gallipoli, Italy, 2004, pp. 10-15.
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We give a survey of the research project REAL, where we investigate how a system can proactively assist its user in solving different tasks in an instrumented environment by sensing implicit interaction and utilising distributed presentation media. First we introduce
the architecture of our instrumented environment, which uses a blackboard to coordinate the components of the environment, such as the sensing and positioning services and interaction devices. A ubiquitous user model provides contextual information on the users
characteristics, actions and locations. The user may access and control their profile via a web interface. In the following, we present two mobile applications to employ the environmental support for situated dialogues, a shopping assistant and a pedestrian navigation system. Both applications allow for multi-modal interaction through a combination of speech, gesture and sensed actions such as motion.
The Connected User Interface: Realizing a Personal Situated Navigation Service
Antonio Krüger, Andreas Butz, Christian Müller, Christoph Stahl, Rainer Wasinger, Karl-Ernst Steinberg, Andreas Dirschl
In Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces (IUI 2004), ACM Press, 2004, pp. 161-168.
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Navigation services can be found in different situations and contexts: while using the web with a desktop PC, in cars, and more recently also when being a pedestrian on PDAs. These services are usually well designed for their specific purpose, but fail to work in other situations. In this paper we present an approach that connects a variety of specialized user interfaces to achieve a personal navigation service spanning different situations. We describe the concepts behind the BPN (BMW Personal Navigator), an entirely implemented
system that combines a desktop event and route planner, a car navigation system, and a multi-modal, in- and outdoor pedestrian navigation system for a PDA. Rather than designing for one unified UI, we focus on connecting specialized UIs for desktop, in-car and on-foot use.
The Museum Visit: Generating Seamless Personalized Presentations on Multiple Devices
Cesare Rocchi, Oliviero Stock, Massimo Zancanaro, Michael Kruppa, Antonio Krüger
Proceedings of IUI 2004, pp. 316-318
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The issue of the seamless interleaving of interaction with a mobile device and stationary devices is addressed, in a typical situation of educational entertainment: the visit to a museum. Some of the salient elements of the described work are the emphasis on multimodality in the dynamic presentation and coherence throughout the visit.
The adopted metaphor is of a kind of contextualized TV-like presentation, useful for engaging (young) visitors. On the mobile device, personal video clips are dynamically generated from personalized verbal presentations; on larger stationary screens distributed throughout the museum, further background material and additional information is provided. A virtual presenter follows the visitors in their experience and gives advice on both types of devices and on the museum itself.
2003
Seamless Personalized TV-like Presentations on Mobile and Stationary Devices in a Museum
Michael Kruppa , Antonio Krüger, Cesare Rocchi, Oliviero Stock, Massimo Zancanaro
Proceedings of ICHIM 2003, Paris
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Museums are noncompetitive environments where visitors are free to move around and learn concepts in connection to the objects exhibited. Presentations have to be engaging and rich. In this paper, we describe work aimed at a kind of contextualized tv-like presentation with the goal of making the museum visits more appealing in particular for young visitors. On the mobile device, personal video-clips are dynamically generated from personalized verbal presentations; on larger stationary screens distributed throughout the museum (so-called Virtual Windows), further background material and additional information is provided. A virtual presenter follows the visitors in their experience and provides advice on both types of devices and on the museum itself. Recent works have presented a multimedia mobile guides based on a cinematic metaphor. The language of cinematography, including shot segmentation, camera movements and transition effects, is employed in order to plan the animation and to synchronize the visual and the verbal parts of the presentation. In building the animations, a set of strategies similar to those used in documentaries were employed. Different methods to improve the usability of PDA, featuring small displays, by using them in combination with large displays have been presented. In this work, we have focused on automatically produced video-clips to be played on the small screen of the mobile device and using a life-like character either as an anchorman or a presenter. The life-like character plays the role of an accompanying agent, ready to move on the mobile device or to jump on the Virtual Windows, in order to provide continuous assistance and continuity to the presentation. The character helps in solving problems like how to reach a certain exhibit, and yielding explanations. User evaluations have shown that the introduction of a life-like character makes presentations more enjoyable and attractive (something that we regard as very important to keep younger visitors engaged). This work has been conducted in the context of PEACH project that has the objective of studying and experimenting with various advanced technologies that can enhance cultural heritage appreciation. Experimentations are carried on in Torre Aquila, a medieval tower in Trento, and in the premises of Völklingen Old Ironworks, a cultural heritage site dedicated to iron and steel industry in Saarbrücken.
M3I in a Pedestrian Navigation & Exploration System
Rainer Wasinger, Christoph Stahl, Antonio Krüger
5th International Symposium on Human Computer Interaction with Mobile Devices (Mobile HCI 2003), Udine, Italy, September 8-11, 2003, Springer: Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol. 2795, Chittaro, Luca (Ed.), ISBN: 3-540-40821-5, pp. 481-485.
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In this paper, we describe a near-complete Pocket PC implementation of a mobile multi-modal interaction (M3I) platform for pedestrian navigation. The platform is designed to easily support indoor and outdoor navigation tasks, and uses several modalities for the presentation and user input. Whereas 2D/3D-graphics and synthesized speech are used to present useful information on routes and places, embedded speech and gesture recognition allow for situated user interaction.
Robust speech interaction in a mobile environment through the use of multiple and different media types
Rainer Wasinger, Christoph Stahl, Antonio Krüger
8th European Conference on Speech Communication and Technology (EUROSPEECH 2003 - INTERSPEECH 2003), Geneva, Switzerland, September 1-4, 2003, ISCA Archive, pp. 1049-1052.
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Mobile and outdoor environments have long been out of
reach for speech engines due to the performance limitations
that were associated with portable devices, and the
difficulties of processing speech in high-noise areas. This
paper outlines an architecture for increasing speech
recognition rates in a mobile pedestrian indoor/outdoor
navigation environment, through the use of a media fusion
knowledge component.
A User Modeling Markup Language (UserML) for Ubiquitous Computing
Dominik Heckmann and Antonio Krueger
In Peter Brusilovsky, Albert Corbett, Fiorella de Rosis Eds., UM 2003, LNAI 2702: Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on User Modeling, Berlin Heidelberg: Springer, pp. 393-397 (Best Poster Award)
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Concepts for a combined use of Personal Digital Assistants and large remote displays
Michael Kruppa, Antonio Krüger
Proceedings of SimVis 2003, Pages 349-361, Magdeburg
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We give an overview on different methods to improve the usability of Personal Digital Assistants, featuring small displays, by using them in combination with larger displays. We discuss several different methods that have been implemented and evaluated in former projects. Subsequently we categorize these projects i.e. the implemented methods to develop a classification of combination methods for small PDA-Displays and large remote displays. We extend the classification through new methods. Some of these new methods are implemented in a prototype to evaluate their usability in a museum scenario.
2002
Readapting Multimodal Presentations to Heterogenous User Groups
Antonio Krüger, Michael Kruppa, Christian Müller, Rainer Wasinger
Notes of the AAAI-Workshop on Intelligent and Situation-Aware Media and Presentations, Technical Report WS-02-08, AAAI Press, 2002, pp. 46-54.
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This article exploits the possibilities of mixed presentation modes in a situation where both public and private display screens as well as public and private audio channels can be accessed by the users. This will allow the users to share information with a group, while still being able to receive individual information at the same time. Special strategies are identified that readapt an already running public presentation to the interests of late arriving users. Following these strategies, the generation of multimodal presentations for both public and private devices is described.
Location Dependent Generation of Sketches for Mobile Indoor Route Descriptions
Christoph Stahl, Antonio Krüger, Jörg Baus
ECAI 2002 Workshop notes on Artificial Intelligence in Mobile Systems (AIMS).
Positionsabhängige Kartengenerierung für mobile Fußgängernavigationssyteme
A. Krüger, C. Stahl, J. Baus
Simulation und Visualisierung, Magdeburg 28.Feb.-1. März 2002. SCS-Verlag, ISBN 1-56555-234-2, ISBN 3-936150-15-x.
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Navigationssysteme werden in Zukunft den Sprung vom Auto in die Westentasche
schaffen und so auch Fußgänger in den Genuß der personalisierten Wegbeschreibung
kommen lassen. Dabei wird neben der verbalen Beschreibung der Route insbesondere
geeignete Graphiken zum Einsatz kommen. Diese Graphiken müssen in Abhängigkeit
einer Vielzahl von Parametern erstellt werden, so daß eine dynamische Generierung der
Graphiken an dieser Stelle sehr sinnvoll ist. Der vorliegende Artikel befaßt sich daher
mit der Frage wie inkrementelle 2D-Wegbeschreibungen aus einem 3D-Modell, auf
den jeweilgen Beutzerkontext zugeschnitten, generiert werden können.
A ResourceAdaptive Mobile Navigation System
Jörg Baus, Antonio Krüger, Wolfgang Wahlster
Proceedings of IUI2002: International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces 2002, ACM Press, New York
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The design of mobile navigation systems adapting to limited
resources will be an important future challenge. Since
typically several different means of transportation have to be
combined in order to reach a destination, the user interface
of such a system has to adapt to the user’s changing situation.
This applies especially to the alternating use of different
technologies to detect the user’s position, which should be as
seamless as possible. This article presents a hybrid navigation
system that relies on different technologies to determine
the user’s location and that adapts the presentation of route
directions to the limited technical resources of the output device
and the limited cognitive resources of the user.
Positionsinformation und Navigationsaufgaben
Christian Kray, Jörg Baus und Antonio Krüger
Geoinformation mobil Zipf/Strobl (Hrsg.),
Herbert Wichmann Verlag, Heidelberg
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2001
REAL: Ein ressourcenadaptierendes mobiles Navigationssystem
Wolfgang Wahlster, J. Baus, Ch. Kray, A. Krüger
Forschung und Entwicklung, November 2001, Vol. 16, 4
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A Resource-Adaptive Mobile Navigation System
Wolfgang Wahlster, J. Baus, Ch. Kray, A. Krüger
Proceedings of the International Workshop on Information Presentation and Natural Multimodal Dialogue (IPNMD-2001), Verona, Italy, 14-15 December 2001, ITC-IRST, pp. 5 - 9
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The design of mobile navigation systems adapting to limited resources will be an important future challenge. Since several different means of transportation typically
have to be combined in order to reach a destination, it must be ensured that the user interface reacts to the user’s changing situation. In addition, the necessary change between different positioning techniques should remain unnoticed to the user of such a navigation system. This article presents a hybrid navigation system that adapts the presentation of route directions to different output devices and modalities. The system also takes into account the varying accuracy of positional information according to the technical resources available in the current situation.
Visualization of route descriptions in a
resource-adaptive navigation aid
Jörg Baus, Christian Kray, and Antonio Krüger
Cognitive Processing , 2001
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Some Remarks on Automated Sketch Generation for
Mobile Route Descriptions
Jörg Baus, Andreas Butz, Antonio Krüger, and M. Lohse
Proceedings of the 1st Symposium on Smart Graphics,
ACM Press, New York , 2001
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The next generation of route description systems will not only give way information at the beginning, but also during the way-finding task. The information will be brought to the user by stationary and mobile displays (e.g. info kiosk or PDA). Especially graphics play an important role to convey way finding information. In this paper we explain an approach, to generate such graphics that are tailored to the use on mobile devices.
A Hybrid Indoor Navigation System
Andreas Butz, Jörg Baus, Antonio Krüger, and M. Lohse
Proceedings of IUI2001: International Conference on
Intelligent User Interfaces 2001,
ACM Press, New York
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We describe a hybrid building navigation system consisting of stationary information booths and a mobile communication infrastructure feeding small portable devices. The graphical presentations for both the booths and the mobile devices are generated from a common source and for the common task of way finding, but they use different techniques to convey possibly different subsets of the relevant information. The form of the presentations is depending on technical limitations of the output media, accuracy of location information, and cognitive restrictions of the user. We analyze what information needs to be conveyed, how limited resources influence the presentation of this information, and argue, that by generating all different presentations in a common framework, a consistent appearance across devices can be achieved and that the different device classes can complement each other in facilitating the navigation task.
Critical Features for the Selection of Verbal Descriptions for Path Relations
Hubert D. Zimmer, H. Speiser, Jörg Baus, and Antonio Krüger
Cognitive Processing , 2001
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Two path relations: Along and past
Christinan Kray, Jörg Baus, H.D. Zimmer, H. Speiser,and Antonio Krüger
Proceedings of COSIT 2001
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We present results from a series of experiments, where relevant factors for the use of path prepositions were examined. We were especially interested in the concepts behind the German prepositions ``entlang'' and ``vorbei'' (similar to ``along'' and ``past''). After exploring the basic properties people attribute to these prepositions, we systematically varied those properties to investigate their impact on the selection process and the corresponding speech production latency. The results indicate that parallelism and distance between the outline of a reference object and a trajectory are key concepts in this context.
2000
Some Aspects of Scouting Smart Environments
Jörg Baus, C. Breihof, Andreas Butz, M. Lohse, Antonio Krüger
Proceedings of the AAAI Spring Symposium on "Smart Graphics",
March 20th-22nd 2000, Stanford, CA, USA .
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We discuss a virtual presenter in the form of a 3D avatar whose task it is to show people a way through a (3D model of a) public building. Our thesis is that when looking for way descriptions, seeing such a walkthrough guided by a virtual scout is easier to remember than a purely textual description of the way or the kind of annotated floor plans used widely in today's public buildings. Furthermore, we discuss some technical aspects of how such a scout can be constructed and what underlying data and processes are needed for the automated generation of guided way descriptions. One of our main goals is to give the avatar the possibility to react to her spatial environment in an appropriate matter, e.g. pointing to relevant objects and following a path that can be easily memorized by the viewer. The walkthroughs described here will be used within a building navigation system that also includes navigation via a handheld device, (such as a PDA,) once the user has left the information booth. Both the 3D visualization at the info booth and the more sketch-like presentation on the PDA are generated from the same data and by the same system, and thus can refer to each other for a much more consistent overall appearance. Last modified: Wed Dec 15 15:46:32 MET 1999
Smart Graphics in Adaptive Way Descriptions.
Antonio Krüger, Jörg Baus, Andreas Butz
Proceedings of: Advanced Visual Interfaces 2000 (AVI2000), Italy.
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While car navigation systems are widely commercialized already today, pedestrian information systems are still in the early research stage. However, recent progress in mobile computing has opened perspectives for pedestrian navigation systems. In this context, graphics is and will still be an important modality to convey all types of route information. This paper will address the question how to generate graphics for navigation systems that help pedestrians, e.g., airport passengers, city tourists or conference attendees, to find their way in complex environments. We will discuss how the presentation of graphics can be tailored to various technical and cognitive constraints, and we will demonstrate our ideas within a scenario where a passenger of an airport gets navigational help from a stationary info booth and afterwards on her way via a handheld device (PDA). Both the 3D visualization at the info booth and the sketch-like presentation on the PDA are generated from the same data and by the same system, yet are adapted to the specific situation, output medium and user as far as possible
Different Views on Location Awareness
Andreas Butz, Jörg Baus, and Antonio Krüger
Workshop notes of the ECAI 2000 workshop on
Artificial Intelligence in Mobile Systems
August 22, 2000, Berlin, Germany
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Location awareness is a key ingredient to many applications of mobile devices. Devices with the ability to determine their own position can retrieve, filter or present information depending on this position in space. There are, however two different ways to view this situation resulting in different distributions of computational resources. We argue that in many cases it will be better and easier to put some computational effort and design wits into the environment and infrastructure than into the actual mobile device. In this sense we claim that there should be more artificial intelligence around mobile devices than in them.
Augmenting Buildings with Infrared Information
Andreas Butz., Jörg Baus, and Antonio Krüger
Proceedings of the International Symposium on
Augmented Reality ISAR 2000,
IEEE Computer Society Press, 10662 Los Vaqueros Circle,
P.O. Box 3014, Los Alamitos, CA 9020-1264 (to appear)
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We describe a building information and navigation system based on Palm Pilot PDAs and a set of strong infrared transmitters, located throughout a building. The infrared senders stream localized data, thus effectively augmenting areas of space with localized information. This information can be perceived by just entering those areas with the PDA in your hand. We show that this form of augmentation of an environment can serve a multitude of purposes and requires neither the employment of classic 3D augmented reality nor to carry around wearable computers nor to wear head mounted displays.
Incorporating a Virtual Presenter in a
Resource Adaptive Navigational Help System.
Jörg Baus,, Andreas Butz, Antonio Krüger
Workshop - Guiding Users through Interactive Experiences:
Usability Centred Design and Evaluation of Virtual 3D Environments
Paderborn, Germany, April 13-14, 2000
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We discuss a virtual presenter in the form of a 3D avatar whose task it is to show users their way through a (3D model of a) public building. Our thesis is that when looking for way descriptions, seeing such a walkthrough guided by a virtual scout is easier to remember than a purely textual description or the kind of annotated floor plans used widely in today's public buildings. Furthermore, we discuss some technical aspects of how such a scout can be constructed and what underlying data and processes are needed for the automated generation of guided route descriptions. One of our main goals is to give the avatar the ability to react to the spatial environment in an appropriate manner, e.g., by pointing to relevant objects and following a path that can be easily memorized by the viewer. We introduce the concept of bounds objects useful for the computation of spatial relations and behavior activation of the virtual presenter. The final presentation is then performed by the virtual presenter moving along a path scouting the surroundings. The presenter is made sensitive to the objects in the environment, thus getting only the relevant information depending on its task and position. It will perform the task alone without system intervention, by querying the environment using the bounds concept to trigger behaviors and to establish an egocentric frame of reference.
1999
One Way Interaction: interactivity over unidirectional links
Jörg Baus, Andreas Butz, Antonio Krüger
Proceedings of the I3 workshop on
Adaptive Design of Interactive Multimedia
Presentations for Mobile Users,
Sunday, March 7, 1999, http://www.i3net.org/
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In this paper we describe a strategy to achieve limited interactivity in situations where part of the communication is restricted to one direction. We illustrate this strategy in a scenario in which a stationary presentation system generates adapted interactive graphical way descriptions for mobile users in the form of hypergraphics. These descriptions are shown on a mobile display unit with very limited computing capacity. For technical reasons the communication between the presentation system and the mobile display system is restricted to one direction (i.e. the broadcasting of information by the presentation system) and to a relatively low bandwidth. A limited form of interactivity of the generated graphical presentations can be achieved without sending back information from the mobile unit to the server. By anticipating all possible interactions with a generated hypergraphical presentation the necessary variations can be generated and broadcast. If the transmission of the different levels of this presentation tree follows a certain scheme, the available level of interactivity of a presentation increases over time (as its exploration consumes time), while a very fast availability of the first and most simplistic presentation can still be guaranteed. Furthermore, any delay that could be caused by communicating back and forth with the presentation system over the low bandwidth connection is avoided, since all the necessary presentation parts are cached on the display device after one broadcasting cycle.
1998
Graphical Abstraction and 3D-Hypergraphics: Exploring Large Geometrical 3D-Models.
Antonio Krüger, Christoph Stahl
Combining AI and Graphics for the Interface of the Future (ECAI 1998), Brighton, UK, August 1998.
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The navigation of complex 3D-models is complicated because of two circumstances. First the huge amount of 3D-data slows down the interaction and second the variety of details is likely to overload the cognitive capacities of the viewer. In such a situation relevant details are often difficult to find. This paper describes an interactive version of the level-of-detail concept (LOD) to speed up the visualization process and to reduce irrelevant details at the same time.
Intelligente Navigation in 3D-Welten: Zur Rolle graphischer Abstraktion
Antonio Krüger, Christoph Stahl
Simulation und Visualisierung, SCS-Verlag, Magdeburg, 5.-6. März 1998.
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Das Navigieren in komplexen 3D-Welten wird durch zwei Faktoren erheblich erschwert:
Zum einen stellt die enorme Datenmenge große Anforderungen an die Hardware
der Visualisierungsplattform, zum anderen wirkt der Detaillreichtum, der diesen
Aufwand erforderlich macht, oft ablenkend und kann im Extremfall dazu führen, daß
der Benutzer den Überblick verliert und die Navigation von einem bekannten Startpunkt
aus neu starten muß. Dieser Beitrag diskutiert einen Lösungsvorschlag, der versucht, beiden Problemen gerecht zu werden. Durch die graphische Abstraktion von Modellteilen und der damit einhergehenden Vereinfachung des 3D-Modells werden Rechnerressourcen gespart und dem Navigierenden wird gleichzeitig ein Überblick ermöglicht, da potentiell ablenkende Details unterdrückt werden. Während der Navigation wird der Detaillierungsgrad automatisch durch das System oder interaktiv durch den Navigierenden angepaßt. Ziel dieser semi-automatischen graphischen Abstraktion ist ein auf das Navigationsziel und auf die Leistung des visualisierenden Rechners möglichst optimal zugeschnittener Abstraktionsgrad.
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User Interface Design
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User Interface Design
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