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Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. mult. Wolfgang Wahlster
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Address:
Saarland University
Building E 1 1
, Room 117
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Prof. Wahlster's DFKI website can be found here.
The complete list of publications can be seen here.
Projects |
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- REAL-p1 1996-01-01 – 1998-12-31
- BAIR 2005-01-01 – 2007-12-31
- READY-p2 1999-01-01 – 2001-12-31
- REAL-p3 2002-01-01 – 2004-12-31
- REAL-p2 1999-01-01 – 2001-12-31
- RENA 2005-01-01 – 2007-12-31
- READY-p3 2002-01-01 – 2004-12-31
- READY-p1 1996-01-01 – 1998-12-31
Publications |
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2010
Seamless Resource Adaptive Navigation
Tim Schwartz, Christoph Stahl, Jörg Baus, and Wolfgang Wahlster
In: Matthew Crocker and Joerg Siekmann (eds). Resource-Adaptive Cognitive Processes. Cognitive Technologies Series. Springer Verlag, Berlin, 2010, pp. 239-265
The Shopping Experience of Tomorrow: Human-Centered and Resource-Adaptive
Wolfgang Wahlster, Michael Feld, Patrick Gebhard, Dominikus Heckmann, Ralf Jung, Michael Kruppa, Michael Schmitz, Lübomira Spassova and Rainer Wasinger
Matthew Crocker and Joerg Siekmann (eds). Resource-Adaptive Cognitive Processes. Cognitive Technologies Series. Springer Verlag Berlin, 2010, pp. 205-237
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The contributions to this volume are drawn from the interdisciplinary research carried out within the Sonderforschungsbereich (SFB 378), a special long-term funding scheme of the German National Science Foundation (DFG). Sonderforschungsbereich 378 was situated at Saarland University, with colleagues from artificial intelligence, computational linguistics, computer science, philosophy, psychology and in its final phases' cognitive neuroscience and psycholinguistics. The funding covered a period of 12 years, which was split into four phases of 3 years each, ending in December of 2007. Every sub-period culminated in an intensive reviewing process, comprising written reports as well as on-site presentations and demonstrations to the external reviewers. We are most grateful to these reviewers for their extensive support and critical feedback; they contributed their time and labor freely to the DFG,1 the independent and self-organized institution of German scientists. The final evaluation of the DFG reviewers judged the overall performance and the actual work with the highest possible mark, i.e. excellent. All contributions were written especially for this volume and summarize 12 years of research that has resulted in several hundred individual publications. They represent in our opinion the most important subset of the many individual projects and offer an overarching perspective not reflected in the individual scientific publications. Specifically, contributors sought to present their results in a summary fashion covering the main findings of this long period, while also making clear the technical and scientific contribution to the overarching theme of the volume: resource-adaptive cognitive processes. Each paper was reviewed by an internal and external expert in the specific subject area, and finally by the two editors. We are indebted to these reviewers, who offered their time to review each of the contributions.
2008
Sharing Memories of Smart Products and their Consumers in Instrumented Environments
Wolfgang Wahlster, Alexander Kröner, Michael Schneider and Jörg Baus
it - Information Technology 50(1), Special Issue on Ambient Intelligence, pp. 45-50, Oldenbourg.
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Intelligent assistants need precise knowledge about activity sequences and the habits of their users so as to support them in an adequate manner. The following contribution addresses an approach to user support, which takes advantage of the object centred nature of many day-to-day activities. By means of application examples from the everyday, we illustrate how a combination of smart items and digital memories allows for realizing innovative support mechanisms, which take into account static knowledge about objects as well as situational observations and historical data. Here, we devote special attention to applications originating from the sharing of data gathered this way between users and systems.
2006
SharedLife: Towards Selective Sharing of Augmented Personal Memories
Wolfgang Wahlster, Alexander Kröner, and Dominik Heckmann
In: O. Stock, M. Schaerf (eds.): Reasoning, Action and Interaction in AI Theories and Systems. Essays Dedicated to Luigia Carlucci Aiello, LNAI 4155, Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, 2006, pp. 327-342
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The rapid deployment of low-cost ubiquitous sensing devices
– including RFID tags and readers, global positioning systems, wireless
audio, video, and bio sensors – makes it possible to create instrumented
environments and to capture the physical and communicative interaction
of an individual with these environments in a digital register. One of the
grand challenges of current AI research is to process this multimodal and
massive data stream, to recognize, classify, and represent its digital content
in a context-sensitive way, and finally to integrate behavior understanding
with reasoning and learning about the individual’s day by day
experiences. This augmented personal memory is always accessible to its
owner through an Internet-enabled smartphone using high-speed wireless
communication technologies. In this contribution, we discuss how
such an augmented personal memory can be built and applied for providing
the user with context-related reminders and recommendations in
a shopping scenario. With the ultimate goal of supporting communication
between individuals and learning from the experiences of others, we
apply this novel methods as the basis for a specific way of exploiting
memories — the sharing of augmented personal memories in a way that
doesn’t conflict with privacy constraints.
Web 3.0: Convergence of Web 2.0 and the Semantic Web
Wolfgang Wahlster and Andreas Dengel, with contributions by Dietmar Dengler, Dominik Heckmann, Malte Kiesel, Alexander Pfalzgraf,
Thomas Roth-Berghofer, Leo Sauermann, Eric Schwarzkopf, and Michael Sintek
Deutsche Telekom Laboratories, Technology Radar Feature Paper, Edition II/2006
June 2006, pp. 1-23
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The World Wide Web (WWW) has drastically
improved access to digitally stored information.
However, content in the WWW has so far only
been machine-readable but not machineunderstandable.
Since information in the WWW
is mostly represented in natural language, the
available documents are only fully understandable
by human beings. The Semantic Web is based
on the content-oriented description of digital
documents with standardized vocabularies that
provide machine understandable semantics. The
result is the transformation from a Web of Links into
a Web of Meaning/Semantic Web [ ], (see arrow
A in Fig. ). On the other hand, the traditional Web
.0 has recently undergone an orthogonal shift into
a Web of People/Web 2.0 where the focus is set
on folksonomies, collective intelligence, and the
wisdom of groups (see arrow B in Fig. ). Only the
combined muscle of semantic web technologies
and broad user participation will ultimately lead
to a Web 3.0, with completely new business
opportunities in all segments of the ITC market.
Without Web 2.0 technologies and without
activating the power of community-based semantic
tagging, the emerging semantic web cannot be
scaled and broadened to the level that is needed
for a complete transformation of the current
syntactic web. On the other hand, current Web 2.0
technologies cannot be used for automatic service
composition and open domain query answering
without adding machine-understandable content
descriptions based on semantic web technologies.
The ultimate worldwide knowledge infrastructure
cannot be fully produced automatically but needs
massive user participation based on open semantic
platforms and standards.
The interesting and urgent question that arises is:
what happens when the emerging Semantic Web
and Web 2.0 intersect with their full potential? We
analyze this question throughout this feature paper
and present the converging idea that we call Web
3.0. We use the following definition in this paper:
Web 3.0 = Semantic Web + Web 2.0.
A good example for developing Web 3.0 is the
mobile personal information assistant (see
Fig. 2). The user makes queries using natural
language, and the assistant answers by extracting
and combining information from the entire
web, evaluating the information found while
applying Semantic Web technologies. Today’s
second-generation search engines are based on
keywords within the syntactic web, while open
domain question answering engines are based on
information extraction and the Semantic Web.
SPECTER: Building, Exploiting and Sharing Augmented Memories
Alexander Kröner, Dominik Heckmann, Wolfgang Wahlster
Workshop on Knowledge Sharing for Everyday Life, KSEL 2006, Kyoto, Japan, ISBN 4-902401-03-7, pages 9-16
[ DOWNLOAD NOTE ]
[BibTeX]
show abstract
Knowledge about the history of a given situation is of special
interest for adaptive systems; it enables them to learn about users,
to identify their habits, and thus to improve the quality of user
support. In addition such knowledge can be applied by users to learn
about themselves— and from others. We describe in this article how
these issues can be addressed by the means of augmented memories
created from sensor data automatically captured in an intelligent
environment. After a discussion of how to represent and to process
such memories, we show how they can be exploited by adaptive systems
and users as well. One promising way of exploiting memories is to
share them with others; this is reflected by the last part of our
contribution where we address varying ways of sharing augmented
memories.
The Anthropomorphized Product Shelf: Symmetric Multimodal Interaction with Instrumented Environments
Rainer Wasinger, Wolfgang Wahlster
Chapter in: Emile Aarts and José Luis Encarnação (eds.): True Visions: The Emergence of Ambient Intelligence.
Heidelberg: Springer, 2006, in press (due out Feb.2006), ISBN: 3-540-28972-0.
[BibTeX]
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Ambient intelligence environments require robust and intuitive interfaces for accessing their embodied functionality. This chapter describes a new paradigm for tangible multimodal interfaces, in which humans can manipulate, and converse with physical objects in their surrounding environment via coordinated speech, handwriting and gesture. We describe the symmetric nature of human environment communication, and extend the scenario by providing our objects with human-like characteristics. This is followed by the results of a usability field study on user acceptance for anthropomorphized objects, conducted within a shopping context.
2005
Fusion and Coordination for Multimodal Interactive Information Presentation
Wolfgang Wahlster, H. Bunt, M. Kipp, M. Maybury
Stock, O., Zancanaro, M. (eds.): Multimodal Intelligent Information Presentation. Series Text, Speech and Language Technology, Vol 27. Kluwer Academic. pp. 325-340
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Users require more effective and efficient means of interaction with increasingly complex information and new interactive devices. This document summarizes the results of the international Dagstuhl Seminar on Coordination and Fusion in Multimodal Interaction that took place at Schloss Dagstuhl in Germany October 27 through November 2, 20011. We first outline a research roadmap in the near and long term. Next we describe requirements and an abstract architecture for this class of systems. We then detail requirements for semantic representations and languages necessary to enable these systems. Finally, we describe data, annotation methodologies and tools necessary to further advance the field. We conclude with a recommended action plan for forward progress in the community.
2004
Semantisches Web
Wolfgang Wahlster
Bullinger, H.-J. (ed.): Trendbarometer Technik: Visionäre Produkte, Neue Werkstoffe, Fabriken der Zukunft, p. 62 - 63, München, Wien: Hanser, 2004
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(ISTAG Report on )Grand Challenges in the Evolution of the Information Society
Wolfgang Wahlster
European Commission, 47 pp., Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 2004, ISBN 92-894-8164-1
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Semantisches Web
Wolfgang Wahlster
Bullinger, H.-J. (ed.): Trendbarometer Technik: Visionäre Produkte, Neue Werkstoffe, Fabriken der Zukunft, p. 62 - 63, München, Wien: Hanser, 2004
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Special Issue: Conversational User Interfaces, it - Information Technology
Wolfgang Wahlster
6/2004, Munich, Germany: Oldenbourg, pp. 289-290
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Conversational User Interfaces
Wolfgang Wahlster
it - Information Technology, 6/2004, Munich, Germany: Oldenbourg, pp. 289-290
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2003
Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Multimodal Interfaces
Wolfgang Wahlster, Sharon L. Oviatt, Trevor Darrell, Mark T. Maybury,
ICMI 2003, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, November 5-7, 2003. ACM 2003, ISBN 1-58113-621-8
Towards Symmetric Multimodality: Fusion and Fission of Speech, Gesture, and Facial Expression
Wolfgang Wahlster
Günter, A., Kruse, R., Neumann, B. (eds.): KI 2003: Advances in Artificial Intelligence. Proceedings of the 26th German Conference on Artificial Intelligence, September 2003, Hamburg, Germany, Pages 1 - 18, Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, LNAI 2821, 2003
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We introduce the notion of symmetric multimodality for dialogue systems in which all input modes (eg. speech, gesture, facial expression) are also available for output, and vice versa. A dialogue system with symmetric multimodality must not only understand and represent the user's multimodal in-put, but also its own multimodal output. We present the SmartKom system, that provides full symmetric multimodality in a mixed-initiative dialogue system with an embodied conversational agent. SmartKom represents a new generation of multimodal dialogue systems, that deal not only with simple modality inte-gration and synchronization, but cover the full spectrum of dialogue phenomena that are associated with symmetric multimodality (including crossmodal refer-ences, one-anaphora, and backchannelling). We show that SmartKom's plug-an-play architecture supports multiple recognizers for a single modality, eg. the user's speech signal can be processed by three unimodal recognizers in parallel (speech recognition, emotional prosody, boundary prosody). Finally, we detail SmartKom's three-tiered representation of multimodal discourse, consisting of a domain layer, a discourse layer, and a modality layer.
Spinning the Semantic Web. Bringing the World Wide Web to Its Full Potential
Wolfgang Wahlster, D. Fensel, J. Hendler, H. Lieberman
Spinning the Semantic Web. Bringing the World Wide Web to Its Full Potential
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SmartKom: Symmetric Multimodality in an Adaptive and Reusable Dialogue Shell
Wolfgang Wahlster
Krahl, R., Günther, D. (eds.): Proceedings of the Human Computer Interaction Status Conference 2003, June 2003, Berlin: DLR, pp. 47-62
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show abstract
We introduce the notion of symmetric multimodality for dialogue systems in which all input modes (eg. speech, gesture, facial expression) are also available for output, and vice versa. A dialogue system with symmetric multimodality must not only understand and represent the user's multimodal input, but also its own multimodal output. We present the SmartKom system, that provides full symmetric multimodality in a mixed-initiative dialogue system with an embodied
conversational agent. SmartKom represents a new generation of multimodal dialogue systems, that deal not only with simple modality integration and synchronization, but cover the full spectrum of dialogue phenomena that are associated with symmetric multimodality (including crossmodal references, one-anaphora, and backchannelling). We show that SmartKom's plug-an-play architecture supports multiple recognizers for a single modality, eg. the user's speech signal can be processed by three unimodal recognizers in parallel (speech recognition, emotional prosody, boundary prosody). Finally, we detail SmartKom's three-tiered representation of multimodal discourse, consisting of a domain layer, a discourse layer, and a modality layer. To conclude, we discuss the economic and scientific impact of the SmartKom project, that has lead to more than 50 patents and 29 spin-off products.
Introduction to the Semantic Web
Wolfgang Wahlster, D. Fensel, J. Hendler, H. Lieberman
Fensel, D, Hendler, J. Lieberman, H., Wahlster, W. (eds.) (2003): Spinning the Semantic Web. Bringing the World Wide Web to Its Full Potential. Cambridge: MIT Press 2003, pp. 1 - 25
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2002
Forschen für die Internet-Gesellschaft: Trends, Technologien, Anwendungen
Wolfgang Wahlster, C. Weyrich
BDI, FhG: Berlin, München 2002, 37 p
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Disambiguierung durch Wissensfusion: Grundprinzipien der Sprachtechnologie
Wolfgang Wahlster
KI - Künstliche Intelligenz, Heft 1, 2002
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Der Beitrag ist eine Kurzfassung meines Ehrenvortrags anlässlich der Verleihung der Würde eines Ehrendoktors der Technischen Universität Darmstadt. Ausgehend von der Auflösung sprachlicher Mehrdeutigkeiten als ein Grundproblem der Sprachverarbeitung werden zunächst klassische Ansätze
zur Disambiguierung skizziert. Danach werden aktuelle Arbeiten zur verzögerten Disambiguierung durch Unterspezifikation und zur wechselseitigen Disambiguierung multipler Eingabemodalitäten diskutiert.
SmartKom: Fusion and Fission of Speech, Gestures, and Facial Expressions
Wolfgang Wahlster
Proc. of the 1st International Workshop on Man-Machine Symbiotic Systems, pp. 213--225, Kyoto, Japan, 2002.
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A ResourceAdaptive Mobile Navigation System
Jörg Baus, Antonio Krüger, Wolfgang Wahlster
Proceedings of IUI2002: International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces 2002, ACM Press, New York
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The design of mobile navigation systems adapting to limited
resources will be an important future challenge. Since
typically several different means of transportation have to be
combined in order to reach a destination, the user interface
of such a system has to adapt to the user’s changing situation.
This applies especially to the alternating use of different
technologies to detect the user’s position, which should be as
seamless as possible. This article presents a hybrid navigation
system that relies on different technologies to determine
the user’s location and that adapts the presentation of route
directions to the limited technical resources of the output device
and the limited cognitive resources of the user.
2001
REAL: Ein ressourcenadaptierendes mobiles Navigationssystem
Wolfgang Wahlster, J. Baus, Ch. Kray, A. Krüger
Forschung und Entwicklung, November 2001, Vol. 16, 4
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A Resource-Adaptive Mobile Navigation System
Wolfgang Wahlster, J. Baus, Ch. Kray, A. Krüger
Proceedings of the International Workshop on Information Presentation and Natural Multimodal Dialogue (IPNMD-2001), Verona, Italy, 14-15 December 2001, ITC-IRST, pp. 5 - 9
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The design of mobile navigation systems adapting to limited resources will be an important future challenge. Since several different means of transportation typically
have to be combined in order to reach a destination, it must be ensured that the user interface reacts to the user’s changing situation. In addition, the necessary change between different positioning techniques should remain unnoticed to the user of such a navigation system. This article presents a hybrid navigation system that adapts the presentation of route directions to different output devices and modalities. The system also takes into account the varying accuracy of positional information according to the technical resources available in the current situation.
SmartKom: Towards Multimodal Dialogues with Anthropomorphic Interface Agents
Wolfgang Wahlster, A. Blocher, N. Reithinger
Wolf, G., Klein, G. (eds.), Proceedings of International Status Conference "Human-Computer Interaction", DLR, Berlin, Germany, October 2001, pp. 23 - 34
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SmartKom is a multimodal dialogue system that combines speech, gesture, and facial expressions for input and output. SmartKom provides an anthropomorphic and affective user interface through its personification of an interface agent. Understanding of spontaneous speech is combined with video-based recognition of natural gestures and facial expressions. One of the major scientific goals of SmartKom is to design new computational methods for the seamless integration and mutual disambiguation of multimodal input and output on a semantic and pragmatic level. SmartKom is based on the situated delegation-oriented dialogue paradigm, in which the user delegates a task to a virtual communication assistant,
visualized as a life-like character on a graphical display. SmartKom is a ultilingual system that analyses and generates German and English utterances. We describe the SmartKom architecture, the use of an XML-based mark-up language for multimodal content, and the most distinguishing features of the fully operational SmartKom 2.0 system.
SmartKom: Multimodal Communication with a Life-Like Character
Wolfgang Wahlster, A. Blocher, N. Reithinger
In: Proceedings of Eurospeech 2001, 7th European Conference on Speech Communication and Technology, Aalborg, Denmark, September 2001, Vol. 3, pp. 1547 - 1550
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SmartKom is a multimodal dialog system that combines speech, gesture, and mimics input and output. Spontaneous speech understanding is combined with the video-based recognition of natural gestures. One of the major scientific goals of SmartKom is to design new computational methods for the seamless integration and mutual disambiguation of multimodal input and output on a semantic and pragmatic level. SmartKom is based on the situated delegation-oriented dialog paradigm, in which the user delegates a task to a virtual communication assistant, visualized as a life-like character on a graphical display. We describe the SmartKom architecture, the use of an XML-based mark-up language for multimodal content, and some of the distinguishing features of the first fully operational SmartKom demonstrator.
Robust Translation of Spontaneous Speech: A Multi-Engine Approach
Wolfgang Wahlster
Proceedings of the Seventeenth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Seattle, Washington, August 2001, San Francisco: Morgan Kaufmann, Vol. 2, pp. 1484 - 1493
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Verbmobil is a speaker-independent and bidirectional speech-to-speech translation system for spontaneous dialogs that can be accessed via GSM mobile phones.It handles dialogs in three business-oriented domains, with context-sensitive translation between four languages (English, German, Japanese, and Chinese). We show that in Verbmobil's multi-blackboard and multi-engine architecture the results of concurrent processing threads can be combined in an incremental fashion. We argue that all results of concurrent processing modules must come with a confidence value, so that statistically trained selection modules can choose the most promising result. Packed representations together with formalisms for underspecification capture the uncertainties in each processing phase, so that the uncertainties can be reduced by linguistic, discourse and domain constraints as soon as they become applicable. Distinguishing features like the multilingual prosody module and the generation of dialog summaries are highlighted. We conclude that Verbmobil has successfully met the project goals with more than 80% of approximately correct translations and a 90% success rate for dialog tasks. One of the main lessons learned from the Verbmobil project is that the problem of speech-tospeech translation can only be cracked by the combined muscle of deep and shallow processing approaches.
SmartKom: Multimodal Dialogs with Mobile Web Users
Wolfgang Wahlster
Proc. of the Cyber Assist International Symposium, March 2001, Tokyo International Forum. pp. 33 - 34
Internet-Agenten als Einkaufs- und Verkaufsagenten
Wolfgang Wahlster
Nagl, M. (ed.): B2B mit EAI: Strategien mit XML, Java & Agenten. Velbert: Online-Verlag, pp. 202- 206.
2000
Information Processing in Health Care at the Start of the 3rd Millennium: Perspectives from the Viewpoint of Artificial Intelligence
Wolfgang Wahlster
Journal Methods of Information in Medicine, No. 6, 2000, pp. 9 -14
Mobile Speech-to-Speech Translation of Spontaneous Dialogs: An Overview of the Final Verbmobil System
Wolfgang Wahlster
Wahlster (ed.) Verbmobil: Foundations of Speech-to-Speech Translation. Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, Barcelona, Hong Kong, London, Milan, Paris, Singapore, Tokyo: July 2000, Springer. pp. 3-21
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Verbmobil is a speaker-independent and bidirectional speech-to-speech translation system for spontaneous dialogs in mobile situations. It recognizes spoken input, analyses and translates it, and finally utters the translation. The multilingual system handles dialogs in three business-oriented domains, with context-sensitive translation between three languages (German, English, and Japanese). Since Verbmobil emphasizes the robust processing of spontaneous dialogs, it poses difficult challenges to human language technology, that we discuss in this paper. We present Verbmobil as a hybrid system incorporating both deep and shallow processing schemes. We describe the anatomy of Verbmobil and the functionality of its main components. We discuss Verbmobil’s multi-blackboard architecture that is based on packed representations at all processing stages. These packed representations together with formalisms for underspecification capture the non-determinism in each processing phase, so that the remaining uncertainties can be reduced by linguistic, discourse and domain constraints as soon as they become applicable. We present Verbmobil’s multi-engine approach, eg. its use of five concurrent translation engines: statistical translation, case-based translation, substring-based translation, dialog-act based translation, and semantic transfer. Distinguishing features like the multilingual prosody module and the generation of dialog summaries are highlighted. We conclude that Verbmobil has successfully met the project
goals with more than 80% of approximately correct translations and a 90% success rate for dialog tasks.
Facts and Figures about the Verbmobil Project
Wolfgang Wahlster, R. Karger
Wahlster (ed.) Verbmobil: Foundations of Speech-to-Speech Translation. Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, Barcelona, Hong Kong, London, Milan, Paris, Singapore, Tokyo: July 2000, Springer pp. 22-30
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In this chapter the organizational and funding structure of the Verbmobil
project is summarized and the major technical data about the final Verbmobil
system and the Verbmobil archives are compiled.
Verbmobil: Foundations of Speech-to-Speech Translation
Wolfgang Wahlster
Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, Barcelona, Hong Kong, London, Milan, Paris, Singapore, Tokyo: July 2000, Springer
Pervasive Speech and Language Technology
Wolfgang Wahlster
Wilhelm, R. (Ed.): Informatics - 10 Years Back, 10 Years Ahead. Berlin, Heidelberg, New York: Springer, Lecture Notes in Computer Science Vol. 2000, pp. 274- 293
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Künstliche Intelligenz: Werden Computer zu intelligenten Assistenten für jedermann
Wolfgang Wahlster
Brockhaus-Redaktion (eds.): Visionen 2000. Mannheim: Brockhaus 172- 175
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Software-Offensive mit Java, Agenten und XML
Wolfgang Wahlster
Velbert: Online Verlag, ISBN 3-89077-211-0
1999
Agent-Based Multimedia Interaction for Virtual Web Pages
Wolfgang Wahlster
Intelligent User Interfaces 1999, Proceedings of the ACM Conference, Los Angeles, NY: ACM Press
Personal Picture Finder: Ein Internet-Agent zur wissensbasierten Suche nach Personenphotos
Wolfgang Wahlster, Ch. Endres, M. Meyer
Online 99, Velbert: Online-Verlag, 1999, pp. 211-232
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Es wird die Funktionsweise eines Netbot vorgestellt, der nach Eingabe eines Personennamen
im World Wide Web (WWW) nach Photos dieser Person sucht und
die gefundenen Bilder zusammen mit einem Hinweis auf die Fundstelle ausgibt. Dazu werden zunächst durch eine parallele Metasuche relevante Webseiten gefunden, aus deren HTML-Code dann alle Bilddateien extrahiert werden. Der Netbot nutzt dann eine Kombination verschiedener Heuristiken aus seiner Wissensbasis, um die Bilddateien mit Personenphotos aufgrund effizient zu berechnender Bildmerkmale zu extrahieren und alle anderen Bilddateien wegzufiltern. Durch verschiedene Lerntechniken, die als Eingabe die Bewertungen von Suchergebnissen durch eine große
Zahl von Benutzern haben, adaptiert der Netbot seine Bildfilter und erhöht damit
die Precision-Werte beim Retrieval. Durch die Verwendung der Parallel Pull-
Technologie und eine Kombination von Java Scripts, Applets und Servlets wird eine hohe Performanz des Systems erreicht.
Sprachtechnologie im Alltag - Der Computer als Dialogpartner
Wolfgang Wahlster
HNF (ed.): Alltag der Zukunft, Paderborner Podium 3, Paderborn: Schöningh 1999, pp. 18-37
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1998
Ressourcenadaptive Objektlokalisation: Sprachliche Raumbeschreibung unter Zeitdruck
Wolfgang Wahlster, A. Blocher, J. Baus, E. Stopp, H. Speiser
Kognitionswissenschaft, Vol. 7, No. 3, 1988, pp. 111 - 117
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We describe a computational model for answering Where-questions under time pressure. The implemented system is based on a resource adapting combination of anytime algorithms whose quality of resulting spatial descriptions improves gradually as computation time increases. We show that the system can reproduce empirical results from experiments investigating the production and comprehension time for spatial references.
Readings in Intelligent User Interfaces
Wolfgang Wahlster, M. Maybury
San Francisco: Morgan Kaufmann, 1998
An Introduction to Intelligent User Interfaces
Wolfgang Wahlster, M. Maybury
RUIU, San Francisco: Morgan Kaufmann, 1998, pp. 1- 13
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Ressourcenadaptierende Objektlokalisation:
Sprachliche Raumbeschreibung unter Zeitdruck
Wolfgang Wahlster, A. Blocher, Jörg Baus, E. Stopp, H. Speiser
Kognitionswissenschaft, Sonderheft zum Sonderforschungsbereich 378, Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, 1998.
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Es wird ein algorithmisches Modell der Beantwortung von Wo-Fragen
unter Zeitdruck beschrieben. Das implementierte System beruht auf
einer ressourcenadaptierenden Kombination von Anytime-Algorithmen,
wobei sich die Qualitaet der resultierenden raeumlichen Beschreibungen
mit steigender Verarbeitungszeit graduell verbessert. Es wird gezeigt,
dass das System empirische Resultate von Experimenten reproduzieren kann,
welche die Produktions- und Verstehenslatenz fuer raeumliche Referenzen
untersuchen.
1997
Verbmobil: Erkennung, Analyse, Transfer, Generierung und Synthese von Spontansprache
Wolfgang Wahlster
In: M. Jarke, K. Pasedach, K. Pohl (eds.) Informatik 97 - Informatik als Innovationsmotor Heidelberg: Springer, 1997, pp. 215-224
Proceedings of the 35th Annual Meeting of the ACL and EACL-97
Wolfgang Wahlster, P. Cohen
San Francisco: Morgan Kaufmann
Multimodal Interfaces
Wolfgang Wahlster, S.W Oviatt
Human-Computer Interaction Journal, Vol. 12, No. 1-2, 1997
VERBMOBIL: The Combination Of Deep and Shallow Processing For Spontaneous Speech Translation
Wolfgang Wahlster, T. Bub
ICASSP, Vol. 1, 71-74
Ressourcenadaptive Kognitive Prozesse
Wolfgang Wahlster, W. Tack
M. Jarke, K. Pasedach, K. Pohl (eds.) Informatik 97 - Informatik als Innovationsmotor, 27. GI-Jahrestagung, Heidelberg: Springer, 1997, pp. 51 - 57
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Der interdisziplinäre Sonderforschungsbereich 378 „Ressourcenadaptive Kognitive Prozesse“, dessen erste Förderungsperiode von 1996 bis 1998 läuft, ist an der Universität des Saarlandes in Saarbrücken angesiedelt. Die Arbeiten des Sonderforschungsbereiches sind der Kognitionswissenschaft zuzurechnen. Als Ausgangspunkt des Sonderforschungsbereiches kann folgendes Ressourcenkonzept gesehen werden: ein kognitiver Agent A löst eine vorliegende Aufgabe T in einer bestimmten Situation S unter Nutzung der Ressourcen R (u.a. Zeit, Speicher, Prozessorkapazität), wobei für A(T,S,R) ressourcenabhängige Variationen der Resultatsqualität und der verwendeten Verarbeitungsmethoden beobachtet werden. Ressourcen sind quantifizierbar und temporär entziehbar Ressourcenadaptierende Prozesse setzen Metawissen über kognitive Fähigkeiten und die Möglichkeit der metakognitiven Steuerung kognitiver Prozesse voraus. Neben der Anwendung von empirischen Methoden und formalen Modellen wird auch die Modellierung ressourcenadaptiver Prozessen in Softwaresystemen angestrebt. Als Fachdisziplinen sind die Kognitive Psychologie, die Künstliche Intelligenz, die Computerlinguistik und die Analytische Philosophie beteiligt. Als Beispiel für ein Teilprojekt des SFB 378 wird das Vorhaben REAL angeführt, in dem bei der Generierung von sprachlichen Raumbeschreibungen in Dialogsituationen die Interaktion von ressourcenbeschränkter Objektlokalisation und inkrementeller Sprachproduktion untersucht und in einem System zur Beantwortung von räumlichen Orientierungsfragen unter Zeitdruck modelliert wird.
Verbmobil: Multilinguale Verarbeitung von Spontansprache
Wolfgang Wahlster, R. Karger
KI, Vol. 11 No. 4, 1997, pp. 41-45 (1997)
1996
VITRA: Verbalisierung visueller Information
Herzog, G. , A. Blocher K.-P. Gapp, E. Stopp, Wahlster, Wolfgang
Informatik-Forschung und Entwicklung, Vol. 11, 1, 12-19
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Das Projekt VITRA (Visual Translator) besch¨aftigt sich mit Grundfragen der Beziehung zwischen Sprache und Sehen. Ziel der experimentellen Studien ist die Entwicklung wissensbasierter Systeme zur Integration von visueller Wahrnehmung und der Verarbeitung nat¨urlicher Sprache. Hierbei konnten erstmals automatische sprachliche Beschreibungen f¨ur aus realen Bildfolgen gewonneneTrajektorien erzeugt werden.Die vorliegende Arbeit stellt den in VITRA verfolgten Ansatz zur simultanen Auswertung und nat¨urlichsprachlichen Beschreibung zeitver¨anderlicher Szenen genauer vor.Bei dieser Konzeption wird die Verarbeitung auf allen Stufen in inkrementeller Weise durchgef¨uhrt, eine wichtige Voraussetzung f¨ur die langfristig angestrebte Echtzeitverarbeitung.
Fortschritte der objektorientierten Softwaretechnologien
Wolfgang Wahlster
Velbert: Online Verlag, ISBN 3-89077-156-4
ECAI 96: Proceedings of the 12th European Conference on Artificial Intelligence
Wolfgang Wahlster
London: Wiley
1995
WIP: The Coordinated Generation of Multimodal Presentations from a Common Representation
Wahlster, Wolfgang, André, E, S. Bandyopadhyay, W. Graf, T. Rist
A. Ortony and J. Slack and O. Stock (eds.) Communication from an Artificial Intelligence Perspective: Theoretical and Applied Issues, Berlin: Springer.
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The task of the knowledge-based presentation system WIP is the generation of a variety of multimodal documents from an input consisting of a formal description of the communicative intent of a planned presentation. WIP generates illustrated texts that are customized for the intended audience and situation. We present the architecture of WIP and introduce as its major components the presentation planner, the layout manager, the text generator and the graphics generator. An extended notion of coherence for multimodal documents is introduced that can be used to constrain the presentation planning process. The paper focuses on the coordination of contents planning and layout that is necessary to produce a coherent illustrated text. In particular, we discuss layout revisions after contents planning and the influence of layout constraints on text generation. We show that in WIP the design of a multimodal document is viewed as a non-monotonic planning process that includes various revisions of preliminary results in order to achieve a coherent output with an optimal media mix.
Ressourcenadaptive Dialogführung: ein interdisziplinärer Forschungsansatz
Wahlster, Wolfgang, Jameson, A., Ndiaye, A., Schäfer, R., Weis,
KI 9(6): 17-21 (1995)
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Artificial Intelligence
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Artificial Intelligence
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